Cybulska-Heinrich A K, Mozaffarieh M, Flammer J
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Mol Vis. 2012;18:390-402. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
Gingko biloba has been used for hundreds of years to treat various disorders such as asthma, vertigo, fatigue and, tinnitus or circulatory problems. Two of the main extracts are EGb761 and LI 1370. Most pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies have focused on the neuroprotective value of these two main extracts. Neuroprotection is a rapidly expanding area of research. This area is of particular interest due to the fact that it represents a new avenue of therapy for a frustrating disease that may progress despite optimal treatment. One such disease is glaucoma.Glaucoma leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons but also to tissue remodelling which involves both the optic nerve head and the retina. In the retina the astrocytes get activated. In addition, the optic nerve gets thinner and the cells of the lateral geniculate ganglion disappear partially. On average, ocular blood flow (OBF) is reduced in glaucoma patients in various tissues of the eye. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucomatous damage. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that other risk factors besides IOP are involved. One such risk factor is a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD) occurring in patients with a disturbed autoregulation, another risk factor is oxidative stress.
银杏已被用于治疗各种疾病数百年，如哮喘、眩晕、疲劳、耳鸣或循环系统问题。其中两种主要提取物是EGb761和LI 1370。大多数药理学、毒理学和临床研究都集中在这两种主要提取物的神经保护价值上。神经保护是一个迅速扩展的研究领域。由于它代表了一种针对一种令人沮丧的疾病的新治疗途径，即使经过最佳治疗仍可能进展，因此这个领域特别受关注。青光眼就是这样一种疾病。青光眼会导致视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突的丧失，还会导致组织重塑，这涉及视神经乳头和视网膜。在视网膜中，星形胶质细胞被激活。此外，视神经变细，外侧膝状神经节的细胞部分消失。平均而言，青光眼患者眼部各组织的眼血流量（OBF）会减少。眼压升高（IOP）是青光眼性损伤的主要危险因素。然而，毫无疑问，除了眼压之外，其他危险因素也参与其中。其中一个危险因素是发生在自身调节紊乱患者中的原发性血管调节异常（PVD），另一个危险因素是氧化应激。
