Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Feb;2(2):a006916. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006916.
Control of HIV-1 gene expression depends on two viral regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev. Tat stimulates transcription elongation by directing the cellular transcriptional elongation factor P-TEFb to nascent RNA polymerases. Rev is required for the transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the unspliced and incompletely spliced mRNAs that encode the structural proteins of the virus. Molecular studies of both proteins have revealed how they interact with the cellular machinery to control transcription from the viral LTR and regulate the levels of spliced and unspliced mRNAs. The regulatory feedback mechanisms driven by HIV-1 Tat and Rev ensure that HIV-1 transcription proceeds through distinct phases. In cells that are not fully activated, limiting levels of Tat and Rev act as potent blocks to premature virus production.
HIV-1 基因表达的控制依赖于两种病毒调节蛋白，Tat 和 Rev。Tat 通过指导细胞转录延伸因子 P-TEFb 到新生 RNA 聚合酶，刺激转录延伸。Rev 对于将未剪接和不完全剪接的 mRNAs 从核内运输到细胞质中是必需的，这些 mRNAs 编码病毒的结构蛋白。对这两种蛋白的分子研究揭示了它们如何与细胞机制相互作用，以控制病毒 LTR 的转录，并调节剪接和未剪接 mRNAs 的水平。由 HIV-1 Tat 和 Rev 驱动的调节反馈机制确保 HIV-1 转录经历不同的阶段。在未完全激活的细胞中，Tat 和 Rev 的有限水平作为阻止过早病毒产生的有效阻碍。
