Rhodes V A
University of Missouri, Columbia School of Nursing.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1990 Dec;25(4):885-900.
Although nausea, vomiting, and retching have plagued mankind since antiquity, limited attention has been given to the three symptoms as separate entities. Although knowledge of symptom occurrence is essential to practice, nurses must focus on patients' response or distress to the occurrence of symptoms. The differentiation of symptom occurrence and symptom distress of nausea, vomiting, and retching is critical to the management and self-care demands of patients and the enhancement of their quality of life. Basic research on patterns of these individual symptoms and their components promises to provide a more progressive and fruitful approach to the patient response to these symptoms.
尽管恶心、呕吐和干呕自古以来就一直困扰着人类，但人们对这三种症状作为独立个体的关注有限。虽然了解症状的发生对于临床实践至关重要，但护士必须关注患者对症状发生的反应或痛苦。区分恶心、呕吐和干呕的症状发生与症状痛苦，对于患者的管理和自我护理需求以及提高他们的生活质量至关重要。对这些个体症状及其组成部分模式的基础研究，有望为患者对这些症状的反应提供一种更先进、更有成效的方法。
