Hogan C M, Grant M
Community Medical Alliance in Boston, MA, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1997 Aug;24(7 Suppl):8-12.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature describing the multiple etiologies of nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer.
Reports of pertinent research, clinical articles, and book chapters.
As a result of knowledge gained about the important role of serotonin in mediating the initial emetic response to antineoplastic drug administration, nurses have made tremendous strides in controlling acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The role of neurotransmitters other than serotonin in mediating the response of delayed or persistent nausea and vomiting remains unclear. Efforts continue to further describe the mechanisms and management of nausea and vomiting that occur as a result of other cancer-related conditions or treatments.
A rational, often combinational approach to antiemetic therapy is derived from a working knowledge of the physiologic mechanisms associated with nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Assessment of the individual's precancer history and current physiologic and psychosocial status is the corner-stone of designing and providing effective therapies.
Understanding the physiologic mechanisms responsible for the cause and control of nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer facilitates creative use of drugs and nonpharmacologic strategies that are more likely to result in control of these distressing symptoms.
目的/目标：回顾目前描述癌症患者恶心和呕吐多种病因的文献。
相关研究报告、临床文章和书籍章节。
由于了解到血清素在介导对抗肿瘤药物给药的初始呕吐反应中的重要作用，护士们在控制急性化疗引起的恶心和呕吐方面取得了巨大进展。血清素以外的神经递质在介导延迟性或持续性恶心和呕吐反应中的作用仍不清楚。人们继续努力进一步描述由其他癌症相关病症或治疗导致的恶心和呕吐的机制及管理方法。
合理且通常为联合的止吐治疗方法源自对癌症患者恶心和呕吐相关生理机制的实际了解。评估个体的癌症前期病史以及当前的生理和心理社会状况是设计和提供有效治疗的基石。
了解导致癌症患者恶心和呕吐的原因及控制其发作的生理机制，有助于创造性地使用药物和非药物策略，从而更有可能控制这些令人痛苦的症状。
