Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2012 Mar-Apr;37(2):88-94. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0b013e318244febc.
When a child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, parents and/or children must gain significant knowledge and learn specific skills to maintain health. Children in the United States who experience diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the time of diagnosis typically spend 3 days in the hospital learning these life-saving skills. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge concerning children's and parents' perceptions of this hospitalization period and of the initial education and support received from nurses.
The study used qualitative descriptive methods. A child interview guide and written parent survey were used to elicit children's and parents' perceptions. Two outside experts reviewed these tools. Twenty children aged 8 to 15 years along with 25 parents participated. Reductionistic and constructionistic steps were used to analyze the qualitative data.
During this hospitalization, children were most disturbed by the invasiveness of the required interventions while parents reported significant emotional distress related to the diagnosis. Children and parents alike felt the Survival Skills Training they received was effective. Education involving demonstration and return demonstration, supervision of skill performance, positive feedback from nurses about skill performance, and reassurance for long-term quality of life were nurse behaviors found to be helpful.
Implications for care include age-appropriate information in a variety of formats, minimizing the invasive nature of the treatment, providing opportunities for demonstration/return demonstration of skills, providing positive support and reassurance, and delivering concentrated instruction related to carbohydrate counting.
当孩子被诊断出患有 1 型糖尿病时，父母和/或孩子必须获得大量知识并学习特定技能以保持健康。在美国，被诊断出患有糖尿病酮症酸中毒 (DKA) 的儿童通常需要在医院住院 3 天以学习这些救命技能。本研究的目的是了解儿童和家长对这段住院期以及从护士那里获得的初始教育和支持的看法。
本研究采用定性描述方法。使用儿童访谈指南和书面家长调查问卷来引出儿童和家长的看法。两位外部专家审查了这些工具。20 名 8 至 15 岁的儿童和 25 名家长参加了研究。采用简约主义和建构主义步骤对定性数据进行分析。
在这段住院期间，孩子们最困扰的是所需干预的侵入性，而父母则报告与诊断相关的严重情绪困扰。儿童和家长都认为他们所接受的生存技能培训是有效的。教育涉及演示和回示、技能表现的监督、护士对技能表现的积极反馈，以及对长期生活质量的保证，这些都是被认为对孩子有帮助的护士行为。
护理的影响包括以各种格式提供适合年龄的信息、最大限度地减少治疗的侵入性、提供演示/回示技能的机会、提供积极的支持和保证，并提供与碳水化合物计数相关的集中指导。
