Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1240:E19-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06372.x.
Bisphosphonates are the principal drugs prescribed for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. They are bone specific but poorly absorbed. In oral formulations, almost 99% of the administered dose remains within the intestinal tract and reaches the small and large bowel. Although the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates can irritate the distal esophageal/gastric mucosa, they improve drug-induced colitis in animal models and exhibit antitumor properties on intestinal cells in vitro. Several recent epidemiological studies provide evidence of a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in osteoporotic patients treated with oral bisphosphonates, notably alendronate. In this review, we will explore the possible mechanisms of action underlying these effects and raise the question of whether these agents might be used in the chemoprophylaxis against colorectal cancer.
双膦酸盐是预防骨质疏松性骨折的主要药物。它们具有骨骼特异性，但吸收不良。在口服制剂中，几乎 99%的给予剂量仍留在肠道内，并到达小肠和大肠。虽然含氮双膦酸盐会刺激远端食管/胃黏膜，但它们可以改善动物模型中的药物诱导结肠炎，并在体外对肠道细胞表现出抗肿瘤特性。最近的几项流行病学研究提供了证据，表明接受口服双膦酸盐治疗的骨质疏松症患者结直肠癌风险降低，尤其是阿仑膦酸盐。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨这些作用的可能作用机制，并提出这些药物是否可用于结直肠癌的化学预防。
