Little Anthony C, Hancock Peter J B, Debruine Lisa M, Jones Benedict C
School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling Stirling, Scotland.
Front Psychol. 2012 Feb 17;3:19. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00019. eCollection 2012.
Previous experiments have examined exposure to anti-identities (faces that possess traits opposite to an identity through a population average), finding that exposure to antifaces enhances recognition of the plus-identity images. Here we examine adaptation to antifaces using famous female celebrities. We demonstrate: that exposure to a color and shape transformed antiface of a celebrity increases the likelihood of perceiving the identity from which the antiface was manufactured in a composite face and that the effect shows size invariance (experiment 1), equivalent effects are seen in internet and laboratory-based studies (experiment 2), adaptation to shape-only antifaces has stronger effects on identity recognition than adaptation to color-only antifaces (experiment 3), and exposure to male versions of the antifaces does not influence the perception of female faces (experiment 4). Across these studies we found an effect of order where aftereffects were more pronounced in early than later trials. Overall, our studies delineate several aspects of identity aftereffects and support the proposal that identity is coded relative to other faces with special reference to a relatively sex-specific mean face representation.
以往的实验研究了对反身份面孔（通过群体平均拥有与某一身份相反特征的面孔）的暴露情况，发现暴露于反面孔能增强对正身份图像的识别。在此，我们使用著名女明星来研究对面孔反身份的适应性。我们证明：暴露于某一明星经颜色和形状变换后的反面孔，会增加在合成面孔中识别出制造该反面孔所依据的身份的可能性，且该效应具有大小不变性（实验1）；在基于网络和实验室的研究中均观察到了等效效应（实验2）；仅对形状反面孔的适应比对仅颜色反面孔的适应对身份识别的影响更强（实验3）；暴露于男性版的反面孔不会影响对面孔女性身份的感知（实验4）。在这些研究中，我们发现了一种顺序效应，即后效在早期试验中比在后期试验中更明显。总体而言，我们的研究描绘了身份后效的几个方面，并支持这样一种观点，即身份是相对于其他面孔进行编码的，尤其参考了相对性别特异性的平均面孔表征。
