Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wayne State University, 3939 Woodward Ave DOEH, Rm 333, Detroit, MI 48009, USA.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013 Jan;86(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0748-6. Epub 2012 Feb 25.
To determine the efficacy of a primary prevention program designed to improve psychobiological responses to stress among urban police officers.
A random sample of 37 police cadets received complementary training in psychological and technical techniques to reduce anxiety and enhance performance when facing a series of police critical incidents. Training was done by Special Forces officers, trained by the authors in imaging. A random sample of 38 cadets, receiving training as usual, was followed in parallel. Assessment of somatic and psychological health, and stress biomarkers, was done at baseline, immediately following training, and after 18 months as regular police officers. Comparison was done using two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression.
The intervention group improved their general health and problem-based coping as compared to the control group. They also demonstrated lower levels of stomach problems, sleep difficulties, and exhaustion. Training was associated with an OR of 4.1 (95% CI, 1.3-13.7; p < 0.05) for improved GHQ scores during the study as compared to no changes or worsening score.
This first primary prevention study of high-risk professions demonstrates the validity and functional utility of the intervention. Beneficial effects lasted at least during the first 2 years on the police force. It is suggested that preventive imagery training in first responders might contribute to enhanced resiliency.
确定一项旨在改善城市警察应对压力的心理生物学反应的初级预防计划的疗效。
随机抽取 37 名警察学员接受补充培训，学习心理和技术技巧，以减少焦虑并提高面对一系列警察关键事件时的表现。培训由特种部队军官进行，这些军官由作者在影像学方面进行培训。对 38 名接受常规培训的学员进行平行随访。在基线、培训后立即和作为普通警察 18 个月后，评估躯体和心理健康以及应激生物标志物。使用双向重复方差分析（ANOVA）和逻辑回归进行比较。
与对照组相比，干预组的一般健康和问题应对能力有所提高。他们还表现出较低的胃部问题、睡眠困难和疲惫程度。与无变化或评分恶化相比，培训与 GHQ 评分在研究期间改善的优势比（OR）为 4.1（95%CI，1.3-13.7；p < 0.05）相关。
这是针对高风险职业的第一项初级预防研究，证明了干预的有效性和功能实用性。在警察部队至少持续了前 2 年的有益效果。建议在急救人员中进行预防性意象训练可能有助于提高适应力。
