Alzolibani Abdullateef A
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2011;20(4):191-8.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, chronic, inflammatory disease resulting in an unpredictable, non-scarring form of hair loss. It affects almost 0.1% of the general population. Although the cause of AA is poorly understood, it is hypothesized to have an autoimmune etiology. Supporting this theory is the fact that activated CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes have been found in characteristic perifollicular and intrafollicular inflammatory infiltrates of affected individuals' anagen hair follicles. AA provides an excellent opportunity to study the role of immunogenetics. In fact, various genes that have a role in regulating immunity have also been associated with susceptibility to AA. Several reports have indicated a significant association between AA and certain human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes such as HLA-DRB10401 and DQB1. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the molecular genetics of AA. The literature review has shown overlapping gene patterns suggestive of common pathogenic mechanisms. However, many questions remain unanswered because data about local gene expression patterns in affected tissues are still scarce.
斑秃（AA）是一种常见的慢性炎症性疾病，会导致不可预测的非瘢痕性脱发。它影响着近0.1%的普通人群。尽管斑秃的病因尚不清楚，但据推测其具有自身免疫病因。支持这一理论的事实是，在受影响个体生长期毛囊特征性的毛囊周围和毛囊内炎症浸润中发现了活化的CD4和CD8 T淋巴细胞。斑秃为研究免疫遗传学的作用提供了绝佳机会。事实上，在调节免疫中起作用的各种基因也与斑秃易感性相关。几份报告表明斑秃与某些人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因如HLA - DRB10401和DQB1之间存在显著关联。本综述概述了目前关于斑秃分子遗传学的知识。文献综述显示了重叠的基因模式，提示存在共同的致病机制。然而，许多问题仍未得到解答，因为关于受影响组织中局部基因表达模式的数据仍然很少。
