Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
Autoimmun Rev. 2015 Feb;14(2):81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.014. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, non-scarring dermatologic condition regularly distinguished by patches of hair loss on the scalp also manifesting in other, severe forms, including alopecia totalis (total loss of hair on the scalp) and alopecia universalis (complete loss of hair on the scalp and body). AA is a clinically heterogeneous disease with greatly varying yet typical symptoms, but the etiology for AA remains an enigma. However, clinical and experimental studies have pointed to autoimmune involvement, specifically regarding immune privilege sites of the hair follicles and the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a predominant Th1 cytokine profile. Environmental insults, such as viral infections, trauma and genetic predisposition are also believed to contribute to the disease process. Multiple treatment options including the use of broad acting corticosteroids appear to be relatively effective in mild cases, however the clinical management of more severe forms of AA is much more difficult. Recent studies suggest that intervention of the JAK pathway may have a potential therapeutic efficacy for AA.
斑秃（AA）是一种常见的非瘢痕性皮肤疾病，通常表现为头皮上的脱发斑块，也有其他严重形式，包括全秃（头皮上的头发全部脱落）和普秃（头皮和身体上的头发全部脱落）。AA 是一种临床表现高度异质性但又具有典型症状的疾病，但 AA 的病因仍然是一个谜。然而，临床和实验研究已经指出自身免疫的参与，特别是针对毛囊的免疫特权部位，以及 CD4+和 CD8+T 细胞的浸润和主要的 Th1 细胞因子谱。环境因素的侵袭，如病毒感染、创伤和遗传易感性，也被认为与疾病的发生有关。包括使用广谱皮质类固醇在内的多种治疗选择在轻度病例中似乎相对有效，然而，更严重形式的 AA 的临床管理则更加困难。最近的研究表明，JAK 通路的干预可能对 AA 具有潜在的治疗效果。
