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Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Apr;14(2):150-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-011-0252-9.
Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk-resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G × E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G × E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.
酗酒和药物依赖是常见的精神疾病，遗传率约为 50%；因此，遗传和环境因素同样重要。童年期应激是青少年问题饮酒/药物使用和成年期酒精/药物依赖的预测因素，但调节酒精/药物可及性的因素很重要。成瘾的风险-弹性平衡可能部分归因于遗传变异和环境应激源之间的相互作用（G×E）；这已通过推断遗传风险的双胞胎研究得到证实。为了检测 G×E 效应，已经使用了一系列的饮酒和诊断表型以及从童年期到成年期过去一年的生活事件等应激源的测量基因型研究。在本文中，批判性地回顾了该领域的现状，并为未来的研究提出了建议。
