Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Mar;9(1):32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
Photodynamic therapy is a medical treatment that uses an inactive dye/drug and lasers as a light source to activate the dye/drug to produce a toxic form of oxygen that destroys the cancer cells. This study aimed at investigating the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines in its inactive and active state (laser induced) on melanoma skin cancer cells, healthy normal skin fibroblast and keratinocyte cells. Experimentally, 3 × 10⁴ cells/ml were seeded in 24-well plates before treatment with different concentrations of aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines. After 2h, cells were irradiated with a light dose of 4.5 J/cm². Post-irradiated cells were incubated for 24h before cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Blue Viability Assay. Results showed that aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines at high concentrations were cytotoxic to melanoma cells in the absence of laser activation. In the presence of laser activation of aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines at a concentration of 40 μg/ml decreased cell viability of melanoma cells to 45%, fibroblasts to 78% and keratinocytes to 73%. At this photosensitizing concentration of aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines the efficacy of the treatment light dose 4.5 J/cm² and the cell death mechanism induced by photoactivated aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines was evaluated. A light dose of 4.5 J/cm² was more efficient in killing a higher number of melanoma cells and a lower number of fibroblast and keratinocyte cells than the other light doses of 2.5 J/cm², 7.5 J/cm² and 10.5 J/cm². Apoptosis features such as blebbing, nucleus condensation, nucleus fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies were seen in the photodynamic therapy treated melanoma skin cancer cells. This in vitro photodynamic therapy study concludes that using aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanines at a photosensitizing concentration of 40 μg/ml in combination with a laser dose of 4.5 J/cm² was potentially lethal for melanoma skin cancer cells and less harmful for the normal healthy skin cells.
光动力疗法是一种医疗手段，它使用一种非活性染料/药物和激光作为光源来激活染料/药物，产生一种有毒的氧形式，从而破坏癌细胞。本研究旨在研究不同浓度的铝四磺酞菁在其非活性和活性状态（激光诱导）下对黑色素皮肤癌细胞、健康正常皮肤成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的细胞毒性作用。实验中，在不同浓度的铝四磺酞菁处理前，将 3×10⁴ 个细胞/ml 接种于 24 孔板中。2 小时后，用 4.5 J/cm²的光剂量照射细胞。照射后细胞孵育 24 小时，然后用 CellTiter-Blue 细胞活力检测试剂盒测量细胞活力。结果表明，在没有激光激活的情况下，高浓度的铝四磺酞菁对黑色素癌细胞具有细胞毒性。在激光激活浓度为 40 μg/ml 的铝四磺酞菁存在下，黑色素癌细胞的活力降低到 45%，成纤维细胞降低到 78%，角质形成细胞降低到 73%。在这种光敏浓度的铝四磺酞菁下，评估了治疗光剂量 4.5 J/cm²和光激活铝四磺酞菁诱导的细胞死亡机制的疗效。与其他光剂量 2.5 J/cm²、7.5 J/cm²和 10.5 J/cm²相比，4.5 J/cm²的光剂量更有效地杀死更多数量的黑色素癌细胞，同时杀死更少数量的成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞。在光动力治疗处理的黑色素皮肤癌细胞中观察到凋亡特征，如起泡、核浓缩、核碎裂和凋亡小体的形成。这项体外光动力疗法研究得出结论，使用光敏浓度为 40 μg/ml 的铝四磺酞菁与 4.5 J/cm²的激光剂量联合使用，对黑色素皮肤癌细胞具有潜在的致死性，而对正常健康皮肤细胞的危害较小。
