Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Apr 1;421-422:267-72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.025. Epub 2012 Feb 26.
Although nanosilver consumer products (CPs) enjoy widespread availability, the environmental fate, leaching, and bioaccumulation behaviors of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from these products are not well understood. In this work, three nanosilver CPs, two AgNP standards, and an ionic silver (Ag(+)) standard were studied in estuarine mesocosms. The CPs exhibited long-term release of significant amounts of silver over a 60d residence time in the mesocosms, and ultimately released 82 - 99% of their total silver loads. Measurements of total silver as a function of time, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), indicated that the silver was transferred from the water column and accumulated in the estuarine biota, including hard clams, grass shrimp, mud snails, cordgrass stalks and leaves, biofilms, intertidal sediment, and sand. The ICP-MS results and calculations of bioconcentration and trophic transfer factors indicated that significant amounts of silver were taken up by the organisms through trophic transfer. Silver was also adsorbed from the seawater into the biofilms, sediment, and sand, and from the sand into the clams.
尽管纳米银消费品（CPs）广泛存在，但这些产品中的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的环境归宿、浸出和生物累积行为还没有得到很好的理解。在这项工作中，三种纳米银消费品、两种 AgNP 标准品和一种离子银（Ag(+)）标准品在河口中观模型中进行了研究。这些 CP 在中观模型中的停留时间为 60d 时，表现出长时间持续释放大量银，最终释放了其总银负荷的 82-99%。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测量总银随时间的变化表明，银从水柱中转移并在河口生物群中累积，包括硬蛤、草虾、泥螺、米草茎和叶、生物膜、潮间带沉积物和沙子。ICP-MS 结果和生物浓缩和营养转移因子的计算表明，大量的银通过营养转移被生物体吸收。银也从海水中被吸附到生物膜、沉积物和沙子中，以及从沙子中被吸附到蛤中。
