Labonte James R
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Plant Division, 635 Capitol Street N.E., Salem, OR 97301-2532, U.S.A.
Zookeys. 2011(147):497-543. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.147.2119. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius) is one of the most frequently encountered and widely distributed carabid beetles in Europe. Until recently, the only North American records were based on two single specimens, both from the 1930's in southeastern Canada. In 2008, this species was found at thirteen different sites in five counties in northwestern Oregon. As of the end of 2010, it has been found in thirty-four different sites in ten Oregon counties, with a north-south range of ~150 km and an east-west range of ~90 km. It was also detected in 2010 in southwestern Washington (Vancouver), just north of Portland and the Columbia River.The ecological amplitude of Nebria brevicollis in Oregon rivals that of the most eurytopic native carabid species, e.g., Pterostichus algidus LeConte and Scaphinotus marginatus (Fischer von Waldheim). It has been found in highly degraded heavy industrial sites, agricultural fields, city parks, gardens, second growth woodlands, mature conifer forests, montane rock gardens, and otherwise pristine stands of old growth noble fir, with elevations ranging from essentially sea level to 1,249 meters. Climates at these locales vary from that of the Mediterranean Willamette Valley floor, where snow rarely occurs and summers are hot and dry, to the summit of the Oregon Coast Range, where deep snow may be present from November through April and summers are cool. The carabid communities in which Nebria brevicollis has been found range from those predominantly of fellow exotic species, e.g., at heavily perturbed sites, to those where it is the only exotic species, such as at the Coast Range summit.Nebria brevicollis is clearly an invasive species in that it is not restricted to anthropogenic habitats, is rapidly expanding its North American range, and can be abundant in essentially pristine settings. What is not yet clear is whether it is or will become a damaging species. Although it is already the most abundant carabid species in some settings, based upon pitfall catches, it is unknown whether this represents competitive superiority, trap vulnerability, or utilization of previously untapped or non-limiting resources. Deleterious ecological effects could include not only competition with other predators (including other carabid species) in agricultural and natural settings but also predation upon non-adult stages of threatened and endangered species of butterflies.
短颈步甲（Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius)）是欧洲最常见且分布广泛的步甲科甲虫之一。直到最近，北美仅有的记录是基于两个单独的标本，均来自20世纪30年代加拿大东南部。2008年，在俄勒冈州西北部五个县的13个不同地点发现了该物种。截至2010年底，在俄勒冈州的10个县的34个不同地点发现了它，其南北分布范围约150公里，东西分布范围约90公里。2010年在华盛顿州西南部（温哥华）也检测到了它，就在波特兰和哥伦比亚河以北。俄勒冈州短颈步甲的生态幅度可与最广适性的本地步甲物种相媲美，例如，Pterostichus algidus LeConte和Scaphinotus marginatus (Fischer von Waldheim)。它已在高度退化的重工业区、农田、城市公园、花园、次生林地、成熟针叶林、山地岩石花园以及原始的老龄高贵冷杉林等地方被发现，海拔范围从基本海平面到1249米。这些地方的气候各不相同，从地中海气候的威拉米特河谷谷底（那里很少下雪，夏季炎热干燥）到俄勒冈海岸山脉的山顶（那里从11月到4月可能有深厚积雪，夏季凉爽）。发现短颈步甲的步甲群落各不相同，从主要由外来物种组成的群落（例如在受到严重干扰的地点）到它是唯一外来物种的群落（例如在海岸山脉山顶）。短颈步甲显然是一种入侵物种，因为它不限于人为栖息地，正在迅速扩大其在北美的分布范围，并且在基本上原始的环境中也可能大量存在。目前尚不清楚的是它是否已经或将会成为一种有害物种。尽管基于陷阱捕获量，它在某些环境中已经是最丰富的步甲物种，但尚不清楚这是代表竞争优势、陷阱易感性，还是对以前未开发或非限制性资源的利用。有害的生态影响可能不仅包括在农业和自然环境中与其他捕食者（包括其他步甲物种）的竞争，还包括对受威胁和濒危蝴蝶物种非成虫阶段的捕食。
