Chemistry Department, Université Hassan II, Maarif Casablanca, Morocco.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2012;47(3):161-7. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2012.632260.
The Gharb region in Morocco is an important agricultural zone where soils receive pesticide treatments and organic amendments to increase yields. The groundwater aquifer in the Gharb region is relatively shallow and thus vulnerable. The objective of this work was to study the influence of organic amendments on diuron, cyhalofop-butyl and procymidone leaching through undisturbed soil columns. Two soils were sampled from the Gharb region, a Dehs (sandy soil) and a R'mel (loamy clay soil). Following elution (124.5 mm), the amount of pesticide residues in the leachates of the sandy soil (0.06-0.21 %) was lower than in those of the loamy clay soil (0.20-0.36 %), which was probably due to preferential flow through the loamy clay soil. The amount of procymidone leached through the amended soil columns was greater than the control for the sandy soil only. The organic amendments did not significantly influence diuron and cyhalofop-butyl leaching in either of the soils. The application of organic amendments affected the amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) eluted and thus pesticide leaching as a function of soil-type. Nevertheless, in some case, the formation of pesticide-DOM complexes appeared to promote pesticide leaching, thus increasing groundwater contamination risks.
摩洛哥的盖勒卜地区是一个重要的农业区，土壤接受农药处理和有机改良剂以提高产量。该地区的地下含水层相对较浅，因此很脆弱。这项工作的目的是研究有机改良剂对未扰动土壤柱中二嗪磷、氰氟草酯和吡菌胺淋溶的影响。从盖勒卜地区采集了两种土壤，一种是 Dehs（沙质土壤），另一种是 R'mel（粉质粘壤土）。洗脱后（124.5 毫米），沙质土壤中农药残留量（0.06-0.21%）低于粉质粘壤土（0.20-0.36%），这可能是由于粉质粘壤土中优先流所致。仅在沙质土壤中，添加有机改良剂的土壤柱中吡菌胺的淋溶量大于对照。有机改良剂对两种土壤中二嗪磷和氰氟草酯的淋溶没有显著影响。有机改良剂的应用影响了洗脱的溶解有机物质（DOM）的量，从而影响了土壤类型的农药淋溶。然而，在某些情况下，农药-DOM 复合物的形成似乎促进了农药淋溶，从而增加了地下水污染的风险。
