Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE, UK.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011 Dec 16;11 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S6. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-11-S3-S6.
There is growing interest in the ways in which legal and human rights issues related to sex work affect sex workers' vulnerability to HIV and abuses including human trafficking and sexual exploitation. International agencies, such as UNAIDS, have called for decriminalisation of sex work because the delivery of sexual and reproductive health services is affected by criminalisation and social exclusion as experienced by sex workers. The paper reflects on the connections in various actors' framings between sex workers sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and the ways that international law is interpreted in policing and regulatory practices.
The literature review that informs this paper was carried out by the authors in the course of their work within the Paulo Longo Research Initiative. The review covered academic and grey literature such as resources generated by sex worker rights activists, UN policy positions and print and online media. The argument in this paper has been developed reflectively through long term involvement with key actors in the field of sex workers' rights.
International legislation characterises sex work in various ways which do not always accord with moves toward decriminalisation. Law, policy and regulation at national level and law enforcement vary between settings. The demands of sex worker rights activists do relate to sexual and reproductive health but they place greater emphasis on efforts to remove the structural barriers that limit sex workers' ability to participate in society on an equal footing with other citizens.
There is a tension between those who wish to uphold the rights of sex workers in order to reduce vulnerability to ill-health and those who insist that sex work is itself a violation of rights. This is reflected in contemporary narratives about sex workers' rights and the ways in which different actors interpret human rights law. The creation of regulatory frameworks around sex work that support health, safety and freedom from abuse requires a better understanding of the broad scope of laws, policies and enforcement practices in different cultural contexts and economic settings, alongside reviews of UN policies and human rights conventions.
与性工作相关的法律和人权问题如何影响性工作者易感染艾滋病毒以及遭受人口贩运和性剥削等虐待的问题，引起了越来越多的关注。联合国艾滋病规划署等国际机构呼吁将性工作非罪化，因为性工作者所经历的性和生殖健康服务的提供受到刑事定罪和社会排斥的影响。本文反映了不同行为者在性工作者性与生殖健康和权利（SRHR）方面的框架联系，以及国际法在警务和监管实践中的解释方式。
本文所依据的文献综述是作者在 Paulo Longo 研究倡议的工作过程中进行的。该综述涵盖了学术和灰色文献，如性工作者权利活动家生成的资源、联合国政策立场以及印刷和在线媒体。本文中的论点是通过长期参与性工作者权利领域的主要行为者而进行的反思性发展。
国际立法以各种方式描述性工作，这些方式并不总是符合非罪化的趋势。国家层面的法律、政策和监管以及执法在不同环境中有所不同。性工作者权利活动家的要求确实与性和生殖健康有关，但他们更强调努力消除限制性工作者平等参与社会的结构性障碍。
那些希望维护性工作者权利以减少健康风险的人与那些坚持认为性工作本身就是侵犯权利的人之间存在紧张关系。这反映在当代关于性工作者权利的叙述以及不同行为者对人权法的解释方式中。围绕性工作制定支持健康、安全和免受虐待的监管框架，需要更好地理解不同文化背景和经济环境中的法律、政策和执法实践的广泛范围，以及对联合国政策和人权公约的审查。
