Obladen Michael
Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Child Neurol. 2012 May;27(5):672-80. doi: 10.1177/0883073811432749. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Intentional modification of the infant's head has been commonly practiced at all times and in virtually every region of the inhabited world. Motives included aesthetic perception of the human head, greater attractiveness, symbolization of ethnic identity, demonstration of noble origin or sociocultural status, and supposed health benefits. The desired shape was achieved by repeated hand massage, or by using devices like cradleboards, which were applied throughout infancy. In some regions, infant head shaping was the rule rather than the exception. Whereas chronic modification of the skull during the first year of life had no adverse effects, one-time postnatal head shaping by the midwife was a dangerous procedure. Recommended by Soran in the second century CE, it remained in practice for 17 centuries. With the advent of positional plagiocephaly following the back-to-sleep campaign, head shaping has regained acceptance and is now being widely used again.
对婴儿头部进行有意塑形在各个时期以及几乎世界上有人居住的每个地区都很常见。其动机包括对人类头部的审美观念、更高的吸引力、种族身份的象征、高贵出身或社会文化地位的展示以及所谓的健康益处。通过反复手动按摩，或使用如摇篮板之类的器具，在婴儿期全程使用来实现所需的头型。在一些地区，婴儿头部塑形是常态而非例外。虽然在生命的第一年对颅骨进行长期塑形没有不良影响，但助产士进行的一次性产后头部塑形是一种危险的操作。公元2世纪索兰推荐了这种方法，它持续应用了17个世纪。随着“仰卧睡眠”运动后体位性斜头畸形的出现，头部塑形再次被接受，如今又被广泛使用。
