Adato M, Bassett L
International Food Policy Research Institute and Regional Network on AIDS, Food Security, and Livelihoods, 2033 K St. NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA.
AIDS Care. 2009;21 Suppl 1(S1):60-75. doi: 10.1080/09540120903112351.
Investing in social protection in sub-Saharan Africa has taken on a new urgency as HIV and AIDS interact with other drivers of poverty to simultaneously destabilise livelihoods systems and family and community safety nets. Cash transfer programmes already reach millions of people in South Africa, and in other countries in southern and East Africa plans are underway to reach tens and eventually hundreds of thousands more. Cash transfers worldwide have demonstrated large impacts on the education, health and nutrition of children. While the strongest evidence is from conditional cash transfer evaluations in Latin America and Asia, important results are emerging in the newer African programmes. Cash transfers can be implemented in conjunction with other services involving education, health, nutrition, social welfare and others, including those related to HIV and AIDS. HIV/AIDS-affected families are diverse with respect to household structure, ability to work and access to assets, arguing for a mix of approaches, including food assistance and income-generation programmes. However, cash transfers appear to offer the best strategy for scaling up to a national system of social protection, by reaching families who are the most capacity constrained, in large numbers, relatively quickly. These are important considerations for communities hard-hit by HIV and AIDS, given the extent and nature of deprivation, the long-term risk to human capital and the current political willingness to act.
随着艾滋病毒与贫困的其他驱动因素相互作用，同时破坏生计系统以及家庭和社区安全网，撒哈拉以南非洲地区对社会保护的投资变得更加紧迫。现金转移计划已经惠及南非数百万人，在东非和南部的其他国家，也正在计划惠及更多人，最终达到数十万人乃至数百万人。全球范围内的现金转移已证明对儿童的教育、健康和营养产生了重大影响。虽然最有力的证据来自拉丁美洲和亚洲的有条件现金转移评估，但非洲的新计划也正在产生重要成果。现金转移可以与涉及教育、健康、营养、社会福利等其他服务一起实施，包括与艾滋病毒和艾滋病相关的服务。受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的家庭在家庭结构、工作能力和资产获取方面各不相同，这就需要采取多种方法，包括粮食援助和创收计划。然而，现金转移似乎是扩大到国家社会保护体系的最佳策略，因为它能够相对迅速地惠及大量能力最受限的家庭。鉴于贫困的程度和性质、对人力资本的长期风险以及当前采取行动的政治意愿，这些都是受艾滋病毒和艾滋病严重影响的社区需要考虑的重要因素。
