Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Health Econ. 2010 Sep;19 Suppl:55-68. doi: 10.1002/hec.1569.
Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized ongoing CCT intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. An average offer of US$10/month conditional on satisfactory school attendance - plus direct payment of secondary school fees - led to significant declines in early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and self-reported sexual activity among program beneficiaries after just one year of program implementation. For program beneficiaries who were out of school at baseline, the probability of getting married and becoming pregnant declined by more than 40 and 30%, respectively. In addition, the incidence of the onset of sexual activity was 38% lower among all program beneficiaries than the control group. Overall, these results suggest that CCT programs not only serve as useful tools for improving school attendance but may also reduce sexual activity, teen pregnancy, and early marriage.
最近的证据表明，有条件现金转移（CCT）计划对学校教育是有效的，可以提高入学率和出勤率。然而，也有理由认为，这样的计划可能会影响其他结果，例如其年轻受益者的性行为。赞巴现金转移计划是一项正在进行的随机 CCT 干预措施，针对马拉维的年轻女性，为在校女生和最近辍学的女生提供激励措施（以学费和现金转移的形式），鼓励她们留在或回到学校。平均每月提供 10 美元的条件是满意的出勤率-加上直接支付中学学费-导致项目受益人在项目实施仅一年后，早婚、少女怀孕和自我报告的性行为显著减少。对于基线时不在校的项目受益人，结婚和怀孕的概率分别下降了 40%以上和 30%以上。此外，所有项目受益人的性活动发生率比对照组低 38%。总的来说，这些结果表明，CCT 计划不仅是提高出勤率的有用工具，而且还可能减少性活动、少女怀孕和早婚。
