Área Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
J Adv Nurs. 2012 Dec;68(12):2700-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05969.x. Epub 2012 Mar 1.
This article is a report of a study carried out to investigate the procedures that are likely to induce pain and anxiety in children in a Mexican emergency department.
In emergency rooms, children often experience unpredictable diagnostic and therapeutic procedural-related pain that can be associated with considerable anxiety.
A prospective, descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of procedures or situations that probably induced anxiety and/or pain in children in an emergency room.
Procedural pain and anxiety were evaluated in children and adolescents (8-16 years) who were admitted to the emergency department of a paediatric hospital between February-September 2010. Children rated their pain and anxiety using a 100-mm visual analogue scale.
A total of 252 children with a mean age of 10·1 years were evaluated. Four-hundred fifty-nine procedures were completed, with an average of 1·82 events/child. Of these procedures, 369 (80·4%) were rated painful and 357 (77·8%) were rated stressful. The most frequently reported procedural pain or stressful episodes were peripheral catheterization, clinical examination and vascular puncture. Overall, 32·5% of the painful events were rated severe, 32·0% were rated moderate and 35·5% were rated slight. However, 30% of the stressful events were rated severe, 38·9% were rated moderate and 31·1% were rated slight. Peripheral catheterization was rated severe in 58 children (33·9%), moderate in 55 children (32·2%) and slight in 58 (33·9%) children.
This study provides data on common emergency department procedures that cause pain and anxiety in children and young adolescents. Healthcare providers must consider the best psychological and pharmacological interventions to reduce procedural anxiety and pain.
本文报道了一项在墨西哥急诊科研究可能导致儿童疼痛和焦虑的程序的研究。
在急诊室，儿童经常经历不可预测的诊断和治疗相关的程序疼痛，这可能与相当大的焦虑相关。
前瞻性、描述性和横断面研究旨在调查急诊科儿童中可能引起焦虑和/或疼痛的程序或情况的发生率。
在 2010 年 2 月至 9 月期间，对儿科医院急诊科收治的 8-16 岁儿童和青少年进行了程序疼痛和焦虑评估。儿童使用 100mm 视觉模拟量表评估疼痛和焦虑。
共评估了 252 名平均年龄为 10.1 岁的儿童。完成了 459 项程序，平均每个儿童 1.82 项。这些程序中有 369 项（80.4%）被评为疼痛，357 项（77.8%）被评为有压力。报告的最常见程序疼痛或有压力的事件是外周导管插入术、临床检查和血管穿刺。总体而言，32.5%的疼痛事件评为严重，32.0%评为中度，35.5%评为轻度。然而，30%的压力事件评为严重，38.9%评为中度，31.1%评为轻度。外周导管插入术在 58 名儿童（33.9%）中评为严重，在 55 名儿童（32.2%）中评为中度，在 58 名儿童（33.9%）中评为轻度。
本研究提供了关于常见急诊科程序引起儿童和青少年疼痛和焦虑的数据。医疗保健提供者必须考虑最佳的心理和药理学干预措施，以减少程序引起的焦虑和疼痛。
