Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden.
Int J Behav Med. 2013 Jun;20(2):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s12529-012-9220-y.
There is a lack of knowledge regarding how individuals with acute whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) appraise and cope with situation-specific stressors.
The aim of the study was to describe the daily process of coping reported in a daily coping assessment by individuals with acute WAD within 1 month after the accident. More specifically, profiles of coping strategies were identified and patterns between stressors, primary and secondary appraisals, and coping strategy profiles were described in relation to reported level of activity, worries, depressed mood and pain intensity during the day.
A descriptive and exploratory design was applied. Two hundred and twenty-nine whiplash-associated disorders-daily coping assessment (WAD-DCA) collected during seven consecutive days from 51 participants with acute WAD in Sweden, were included. Cluster analysis was used to obtain coping strategy profiles and data were graphically visualised as patterns through the coping process.
When measuring coping as a daily process relating to the specific stressful situation, different coping process patterns appeared. During days with a high degree of physical and mental well-being, high self-efficacy beliefs seemed to be working as an important secondary appraisal, whereas during days with a low degree of physical and mental well-being primary appraisals of the stressor as a threat and catastrophic thoughts were present in the coping process.
Early identification of situational- and individual-specific stressors, appraisals and coping efforts as measured by the WAD-DCA may contribute to the understanding of the coping process in the acute stage of WAD and its possible impact on recovery and adjustment.
人们对于急性颈扭伤相关障碍（WAD）患者如何评价和应对特定情境下的应激源知之甚少。
本研究旨在描述急性 WAD 患者在事故后 1 个月内通过每日应对评估报告的日常应对过程。更具体地说，确定了应对策略的特征，并描述了应激源、初级和次级评价、应对策略特征之间的模式，以及与日间活动水平、担忧、抑郁情绪和疼痛强度相关的报告水平。
采用描述性和探索性设计。共纳入了来自瑞典 51 名急性 WAD 患者在连续 7 天内每天完成的 229 份颈扭伤相关障碍-每日应对评估（WAD-DCA）。聚类分析用于确定应对策略特征，通过应对过程中的图形可视化呈现数据模式。
当将应对作为与特定应激源相关的日常过程进行测量时，出现了不同的应对过程模式。在身心状态良好的日子里，高自我效能信念似乎是一种重要的次级评价，而在身心状态不佳的日子里，应激源的初级评价是威胁性的，存在灾难性思维。
通过 WAD-DCA 早期识别特定情境和个体的应激源、评价和应对努力，可能有助于理解 WAD 急性阶段的应对过程及其对恢复和调整的可能影响。
