Diabetes Unit, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 18, Siena, Italy.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2012 Apr;168(1):24-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04556.x.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a multi-factorial immune-mediated disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet beta cells in genetically susceptible individuals. Epidemiological evidence has also documented the constant rise in the incidence of T1DM worldwide, with viral infections representing one of the candidate environmental risk factors identified by several independent studies. In fact, epidemiological data showed that T1DM incidence increases after epidemics due to enteroviruses and that enteroviral RNA can be detected in the blood of >50% of T1DM patients at the time of disease onset. Furthermore, both in-vitro and ex-vivo studies have shown that viruses can infect pancreatic beta cells with consequent effects ranging from functional damage to cell death.
1 型糖尿病（T1DM）是一种多因素免疫介导的疾病，其特征是遗传易感个体的胰岛β细胞发生自身免疫性破坏。流行病学证据还记录了全球 T1DM 发病率的持续上升，病毒感染是多项独立研究确定的候选环境危险因素之一。事实上，流行病学数据显示，由于肠病毒引起的流行后 T1DM 发病率增加，并且在疾病发作时，超过 50%的 T1DM 患者的血液中可检测到肠病毒 RNA。此外，体内和体外研究均表明病毒可以感染胰岛β细胞，从而导致从功能损伤到细胞死亡等不同程度的影响。
