Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
Urol Oncol. 2012 Mar-Apr;30(2):220-4. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.10.001.
Prevention of disease requires a firm understanding of the relevant environmental and modifiable risk factors. We present a comprehensive review of these factors in renal cell carcinoma.
A literature search of the PubMed database was performed to identify clinical studies examining the relationship between environmental and modifiable factors in the development of renal cell carcinoma (terms utilized: kidney cancer; renal cell carcinoma; risk factors; environment; obesity; hypertension; trichloroethylene). An emphasis was placed on more recent studies.
Case control and large cohort studies have examined the relationship of numerous environmental and modifiable factors and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Of particular note are dose-dependent increases in smokers, the obese, and hypertensive patients.
Environmental and modifiable risk factors contribute significantly to the risk of sporadic renal cell carcinoma. Emphasis should be placed on smoking cessation and hypertension control. Emerging evidence would suggest that dietary intake and quality impact renal cell carcinoma risk.
预防疾病需要对相关环境和可改变的危险因素有一个坚定的认识。我们对肾细胞癌的这些因素进行了全面的综述。
对 PubMed 数据库进行文献检索，以确定研究环境和可改变因素与肾细胞癌发展之间关系的临床研究（使用的术语：肾癌；肾细胞癌；危险因素；环境；肥胖；高血压；三氯乙烯）。重点是最近的研究。
病例对照和大队列研究已经研究了许多环境和可改变因素与肾细胞癌风险之间的关系。特别值得注意的是，吸烟者、肥胖者和高血压患者的风险呈剂量依赖性增加。
环境和可改变的危险因素对散发性肾细胞癌的风险有重要影响。应重视戒烟和控制高血压。新出现的证据表明，饮食摄入和质量会影响肾细胞癌的风险。
