La Vecchia C, Negri E, D'Avanzo B, Franceschi S
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 1;50(17):5231-3.
The relationship between smoking habits and the risk of renal cell carcinoma was investigated in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy on 131 cases of histologically confirmed cancers of the renal parenchyma (85 males, 46 females) and 394 controls in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, nonurological disorders. Compared with never smokers, the relative risk (RR) was 1.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-3.1) among ex-smokers. A direct and significant dose-risk relationship was observed among current smokers, with RR of 1.1, 1.9, and 2.3 for moderate, intermediate, and heavy smokers. This trend in risk was statistically significant (chi2(1) = 5.04; P = 0.02). The risk was directly related to duration of smoking (RR = 1.7 for less than 30 versus 1.8 for greater than or equal to 30 years, P = 0.04), and inversely with age at starting (RR = 2.0 for less than or equal to 20 versus 1.7 for greater than 20 years) and, among ex-smokers, with time elapsed since stopping (RR = 2.2 for less than 10 versus 1.3 for greater than or equal to 10 years). This pattern of risk, together with the absence of appreciable confounding, adds further evidence for a causal nature of the association between smoking and renal cell cancer.
在意大利北部进行的一项病例对照研究中，调查了吸烟习惯与肾细胞癌风险之间的关系。该研究纳入了131例经组织学确诊的肾实质癌患者（85例男性，46例女性）以及394名因急性、非肿瘤性、非泌尿系统疾病住院的对照者。与从不吸烟者相比，既往吸烟者的相对风险（RR）为1.7（95%置信区间=1.0 - 3.1）。在当前吸烟者中观察到直接且显著的剂量 - 风险关系，中度、中度和重度吸烟者的RR分别为1.1、1.9和2.3。这种风险趋势具有统计学意义（卡方(1)=5.04；P = 0.02）。风险与吸烟持续时间直接相关（吸烟少于30年者RR = 1.7，吸烟30年及以上者RR = 1.8，P = 0.04），与开始吸烟的年龄呈负相关（开始吸烟年龄小于等于20岁者RR = 2.0，大于20岁者RR = 1.7），并且在既往吸烟者中，与戒烟后的时间呈负相关（戒烟少于10年者RR = 2.2，戒烟10年及以上者RR = 1.3）。这种风险模式，加上不存在明显的混杂因素，进一步证明了吸烟与肾细胞癌之间关联的因果性质。
