Institute of Military Health Management, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Lancet. 2012 Mar 3;379(9818):853-61. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61876-X.
Major earthquakes often result in incalculable environmental damage, loss of life, and threats to health. Tremendous progress has been made in response to many medical challenges resulting from earthquakes. However, emergency medical rescue is complicated, and great emphasis should be placed on its organisation to achieve the best results. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was one of the most devastating disasters in the past 10 years and caused more than 370,000 casualties. The lessons learnt from the medical disaster relief effort and the subsequent knowledge gained about the regulation and capabilities of medical and military back-up teams should be widely disseminated. In this Review we summarise and analyse the emergency medical rescue efforts after the Wenchuan earthquake. Establishment of a national disaster medical response system, an active and effective commanding system, successful coordination between rescue forces and government agencies, effective treatment, a moderate, timely and correct public health response, and long-term psychological support are all crucial to reduce mortality and morbidity and promote overall effectiveness of rescue efforts after a major earthquake.
重大地震常常导致不可估量的环境破坏、生命损失和对健康的威胁。针对地震引发的许多医学挑战，已经取得了巨大进展。然而，紧急医疗救援情况复杂，应高度重视其组织工作，以实现最佳效果。2008 年汶川地震是过去 10 年中最具破坏性的灾害之一，造成超过 37 万人伤亡。从医疗灾难救援工作中吸取的经验教训，以及随后获得的关于医疗和军事后援队伍的规定和能力的知识，应广泛传播。在这篇综述中，我们总结和分析了汶川地震后的紧急医疗救援工作。建立国家灾害医疗应对系统、积极有效的指挥系统、救援力量与政府机构之间的成功协调、有效治疗、适度、及时和正确的公共卫生应对以及长期的心理支持，对于降低重大地震后的死亡率和发病率以及提高整体救援效果都至关重要。
