Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska Dorota, Glapiński Mariusz, Zaba Czesław, Łabecka Marzena
Z Katedry i Zakładu Medycyny Sadowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2011 Apr-Jun;61(2):107-14.
The nature of bite marks is complex. They are found at the scene of crime on different materials and surfaces - not only on human body and corpse, but also on food products and material objects. Human bites on skin are sometimes difficult to interpret and to analyze because of the specific character of skin--elastic and distortable--and because different areas of human body have different surfaces and curvatures. A bite mark left at the scene of crime can be a highly helpful way to lead investigators to criminals. The study was performed to establish: 1) whether bite marks exhibit variations in the accuracy of impressions on different materials, 2) whether it is possible to use the 3D method in the process of identifying an individual based on the comparison of bite marks revealed at the scene, and 3D scans of dental casts, 3) whether application of the 3D method allows for elimination of secondary photographic distortion of bite marks. The authors carried out experiments on simulated cases. Five volunteers bit various materials with different surfaces. Experimental bite marks were collected with emphasis on differentiations of materials. Subsequently, dental impressions were taken from five volunteers in order to prepare five sets of dental casts (the maxilla and mandible. The biting edges of teeth were impressed in wax to create an imprint. The samples of dental casts, corresponding wax bite impressions and bite marks from different materials were scanned with 2D and 3D scanners and photographs were taken. All of these were examined in detail and then compared using different methods (2D and 3D).
咬痕的性质很复杂。它们出现在犯罪现场的不同材料和表面上——不仅在人体和尸体上，还出现在食品和物品上。由于皮肤具有弹性和可变形的特性，且人体不同部位有不同的表面和曲率，皮肤上的人类咬痕有时难以解释和分析。犯罪现场留下的咬痕可能是引导调查人员找到罪犯的非常有用的线索。本研究旨在确定：1）咬痕在不同材料上的印记准确性是否存在差异；2）在根据犯罪现场发现的咬痕与牙模的三维扫描进行个体识别过程中，是否可以使用三维方法；3）三维方法的应用是否能够消除咬痕的二次摄影失真。作者针对模拟案例进行了实验。五名志愿者咬了各种具有不同表面的材料。收集实验咬痕时着重区分材料。随后，从五名志愿者身上获取牙印，以便制作五套牙模（上颌和下颌）。将牙齿的咬合边缘压入蜡中以制作印记。用二维和三维扫描仪对牙模样本、相应的蜡质咬痕印记以及不同材料上的咬痕进行扫描并拍照。对所有这些进行详细检查，然后使用不同方法（二维和三维）进行比较。
1）咬痕在不同材料上的印记准确性存在差异。在奶酪上看到的咬痕复制最为清晰。2）在比较咬痕时，三维方法和牙模的三维扫描非常准确。3）三维方法有助于消除咬痕的二次摄影失真。
