Institute for Medicinal Plant Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
Molecules. 2012 Mar 5;17(3):2683-703. doi: 10.3390/molecules17032683.
Sideritis scardica Griseb., Lamiaceae (ironwort, mountain tea), an endemic plant of the Balkan Peninsula, has been used in traditional medicine in the treatment of antimicrobial infections, gastrointestinal complaints, inflammation and rheumatic disorders. This study reports a comparison between conventional (hydrodistillation HD and solvent extraction SE) and alternative (supercritical carbon dioxide SC CO₂) extraction methods regarding the qualitative and quantitative composition of the obtained extracts as analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques and their anitimicrobial activity. Different types of extracts were tested, the essential oil EO obtained by HD, EO-CO₂ and AO-CO₂ obtained by SC CO₂ at different preasures 10 and 30 MPa, at 40 °C, respectively, and the fractions A, B, C and D obtained by successive solvent extraction (SE) A: ethanol, B: diethyl ether, C: ethyl acetate and D: n-butanol). While EO was characterized by the presence of the high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (30.01 and 25.54%, respectively), the rest of the investigated samples were the most abundant in fatty acids and their esters and diterpenes (from 16.72 to 71.07% for fatty acids and their esters, and from 23.30 to 72.76%, for diterpenes). Microbial susceptibility tests revealed the strong to moderate activity of all investigated extracts against the tested microorganisms (MIC from 40 to 2,560 μg/mL). Although differences in the chemical compositions determined by GC and GC-MS analysis were established, the displayed antimicrobial activity was similar for the all investigated extracts.
斯卡迪里西亚属（唇形科，铁线莲，山茶）是巴尔干半岛的特有植物，已在传统医学中用于治疗抗菌感染、胃肠道不适、炎症和风湿性疾病。本研究比较了常规（水蒸馏 HD 和溶剂提取 SE）和替代（超临界二氧化碳 SC CO₂）提取方法，分析了 GC 和 GC-MS 技术获得的提取物的定性和定量组成及其抗菌活性。测试了不同类型的提取物，通过 HD 获得的精油 EO、通过 SC CO₂ 在不同压力 10 和 30 MPa 下获得的 EO-CO₂ 和 AO-CO₂，以及通过连续溶剂提取（SE）获得的 A、B、C 和 D 馏分（A：乙醇、B：二乙醚、C：乙酸乙酯和 D：正丁醇）。虽然 EO 的特点是含有高比例的含氧单萜和倍半萜（分别为 30.01%和 25.54%），但其余的研究样本则富含脂肪酸及其酯类和二萜类（从 16.72%到 71.07%的脂肪酸及其酯类，以及从 23.30%到 72.76%的二萜类）。微生物敏感性测试显示，所有研究提取物对测试微生物均具有较强至中度活性（MIC 范围为 40 至 2,560μg/mL）。尽管通过 GC 和 GC-MS 分析确定了化学成分的差异，但所有研究提取物的抗菌活性相似。
