Institute of Medicinal Plants Research Dr Josif Pančić, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Molecules. 2017 Aug 23;22(9):1395. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091395.
A comprehensive study on essential oil and different solvent extracts of L. subsp. (Tal. ex Benth.) Heywood (Lamiaceae) from Montenegro is reported. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil revealed a total of 43 components with bicyclogermacrene (23.8%), germacrene D (8%), ()-caryophyllene (7.9%) and spathulenol (5.5%) as the major ones. Sesquiterpenoid group was found to be the most dominant one (64.8%), with 19.9% of the oxygenated forms. In the crude methanol extract of the investigated plant, obtained by Sohhlet exraction, the total phenol content was 14.7 ± 0.4 mg of GA/g, the total flavonoids were 0.29 ± 0.03% expressed as hyperoside percentage, whereas the total tannins content was 0.22 ± 0.04% expressed as pyrogallol percentage. For the antimicrobial activity determination, the following microorganisms have been used: methicillin-susceptible (MSSA (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29213)) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA (clinical strain)), (ATCC 25922), carbapenem-susceptible (clinical strain), carbapenem-resistant (clinical strain) and (ATCC 14053). The essential oil showed high potency against MSSA and MRSA, both at high (5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL) and low (5 × 10³ CFU/mL) inoculum. With respect to MSSA, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 0.307 mg/mL, with bactericidal activity obtained at 0.615 mg/mL, while, in the case of MRSA, the MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 0.076 and 0.153 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding anti- activity, the MIC value was 2.46 mg/mL without reaching fungicidal activity. In addition to the observed essential oil efficacy, different solvent extracts were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity. Similarly to the essential oil, thehighest efficacy was observed against both MSSA and MRSA strains, at high and low inoculums, in the case of the 1,2-dichloroethane and methanol extracts. A potent fungicidal activity has been also found for the -hexane and 1,2-dichloroethane extracts. It can be concluded that L. subsp. (Tal. ex Benth.) Heywood provides a wide range of application in different fields such as phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology or pharmacognosy.
对来自黑山的 （Tal. ex Benth.）Heywood （唇形科）的精油和不同溶剂提取物进行了全面研究。精油的气相色谱-质谱分析显示，共有 43 种成分，其中双环倍半萜（23.8%）、大根香叶烯 D（8%）、（）-石竹烯（7.9%）和斯巴醇（5.5%）为主要成分。发现倍半萜类化合物是最主要的（64.8%），其中 19.9%为含氧形式。在所研究的植物的甲醇粗提取物中，通过索氏提取法获得，总酚含量为 14.7±0.4mgGA/g，总类黄酮为 0.29±0.03%（以金丝桃苷百分比表示），总单宁含量为 0.22±0.04%（以焦倍酚百分比表示）。为了确定抗菌活性，使用了以下微生物：耐甲氧西林的 （MSSA（美国典型培养物保藏中心（ATCC）29213））和耐甲氧西林的 （MRSA（临床株））、 （ATCC 25922）、耐碳青霉烯的 （临床株）、耐碳青霉烯的 （临床株）和 （ATCC 14053）。精油对 MSSA 和 MRSA 均显示出高活性，在高（5×10⁵CFU/mL）和低（5×10³CFU/mL）接种量下均具有高活性。对于 MSSA，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值为 0.307mg/mL，杀菌活性在 0.615mg/mL 时获得，而对于 MRSA，MIC 和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）值分别为 0.076 和 0.153mg/mL。关于抗 活性，MIC 值为 2.46mg/mL，未达到杀菌活性。除了观察到的精油功效外，还分析了不同溶剂提取物的抗菌活性。与精油类似，在高和低接种量下，1,2-二氯乙烷和甲醇提取物对 MSSA 和 MRSA 菌株表现出最高的功效。-己烷和 1,2-二氯乙烷提取物也具有很强的杀菌活性。可以得出结论， （Tal. ex Benth.）Heywood 亚种提供了广泛的应用范围，如植物化学、药理学、毒理学或生药学。
