GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;728:171-82. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_11.
This chapter will review the various biological actions of the mouse fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) and human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). Unlike other members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, the Fgf15 and FGF19 orthologs do not share a high degree of sequence identity. Fgf15 and FGF19 are members of an atypical subfamily of FGFs that function as hormones. Due to subtle changes in tertiary structure, these FGFs have low heparin binding affinity enabling them to diffuse away from their site of secretion and signal to distant cells. FGF signaling through the FGF receptors is also different for this sub-family, requiring klotho protein cofactors rather than heparin sulfate proteoglycan. Mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19 play key roles in enterohepatic signaling, regulation of liver bile acid biosynthesis, gallbladder motility and metabolic homeostasis.
这一章将回顾老鼠成纤维细胞生长因子 15（Fgf15）和人类成纤维细胞生长因子 19（FGF19）的各种生物学作用。与成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）家族的其他成员不同，Fgf15 和 FGF19 同源物没有高度的序列同一性。Fgf15 和 FGF19 是成纤维细胞生长因子的一个非典型亚家族的成员，作为激素发挥作用。由于三级结构的细微变化，这些 FGF 与肝素的结合亲和力较低，使它们能够从分泌部位扩散，并向远处的细胞发出信号。这个亚家族的 FGF 信号转导也不同，需要 klotho 蛋白辅助因子，而不是肝素硫酸蛋白聚糖。老鼠 Fgf15 和人类 FGF19 在肠肝信号转导、肝脏胆汁酸生物合成、胆囊运动和代谢稳态调节中发挥关键作用。
