Waters M J, Blackmore D G
Queensland Brain Institute and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 4072.
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2011 Dec;9(2):549-53.
A range of observations support a role for GH in development and function of the brain. These include altered brain structure in GH receptor null mice, and impaired cognition in GH deficient rodents and in a subgroup of GH receptor defective patients (Laron dwarfs). GH has been shown to alter neurogenesis, myelin synthesis and dendritic branching, and both the GH receptor and GH itself are expressed widely in the brain. We have found a population of neural stem cells which are activated by GH infusion, and which give rise to neurons in mice. These stem cells are activated by voluntary exercise in a GH-dependent manner. Given the findings that local synthesis of GH occurs in the hippocampus in response to a memory task, and that GH replacement improves memory and cognition in rodents and humans, these new observations warrant a reappraisal of the clinical importance of GH replacement in GH deficient states.
一系列观察结果支持生长激素在大脑发育和功能中发挥作用。这些观察结果包括生长激素受体缺失小鼠的大脑结构改变，以及生长激素缺乏的啮齿动物和一部分生长激素受体缺陷患者（拉伦侏儒症患者）的认知障碍。已证明生长激素会改变神经发生、髓鞘合成和树突分支，并且生长激素受体和生长激素本身在大脑中广泛表达。我们发现了一群神经干细胞，它们在小鼠中会被生长激素注入激活，并能产生神经元。这些干细胞会以生长激素依赖的方式被自愿运动激活。鉴于有研究发现海马体中会因记忆任务而发生生长激素的局部合成，以及生长激素替代疗法可改善啮齿动物和人类的记忆及认知，这些新观察结果值得重新评估生长激素替代疗法在生长激素缺乏状态下的临床重要性。
