Coliță Daniela, Coliță Cezar-Ivan, Hermann Dirk M, Coliță Eugen, Doeppner Thorsten R, Udristoiu Ion, Popa-Wagner Aurel
Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020276 Bucharest, Romania.
Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 Oct 15;44(10):4902-4920. doi: 10.3390/cimb44100333.
The available evidence suggests that affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, increase risk for accelerated cognitive decline and late-life dementia in aging individuals. Behavioral neuropsychology studies also showed that cognitive decline is a central feature of aging impacting the quality of life. Motor deficits are common after traumatic brain injuries and stroke, affect subjective well-being, and are linked with reduced quality of life. Currently, restorative therapies that target the brain directly to restore cognitive and motor tasks in aging and disease are available. However, the very same drugs used for therapeutic purposes are employed by athletes as stimulants either to increase performance for fame and financial rewards or as recreational drugs. Unfortunately, most of these drugs have severe side effects and pose a serious threat to the health of athletes. The use of performance-enhancing drugs by children and teenagers has increased tremendously due to the decrease in the age of players in competitive sports and the availability of various stimulants in many forms and shapes. Thus, doping may cause serious health-threatening conditions including, infertility, subdural hematomas, liver and kidney dysfunction, peripheral edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on the impact of doping on psychopathological disorders, cognition, and depression. Occasionally, we also refer to chronic use of therapeutic drugs to increase physical performance and highlight the underlying mechanisms. We conclude that raising awareness on the health risks of doping in sport for all shall promote an increased awareness for healthy lifestyles across all generations.
现有证据表明，诸如抑郁症和焦虑症等情感障碍会增加老年人认知加速衰退和晚年患痴呆症的风险。行为神经心理学研究还表明，认知衰退是影响生活质量的衰老的核心特征。创伤性脑损伤和中风后运动功能障碍很常见，会影响主观幸福感，并与生活质量下降有关。目前，有针对大脑直接进行修复的疗法，以恢复衰老和患病个体的认知和运动功能。然而，这些用于治疗目的的药物却被运动员用作兴奋剂，要么是为了提高成绩以获取名声和经济回报，要么是作为消遣性药物。不幸的是，这些药物大多有严重的副作用，对运动员的健康构成严重威胁。由于竞技体育中运动员年龄的降低以及各种形式兴奋剂的可得性，儿童和青少年使用提高成绩药物的情况大幅增加。因此，使用兴奋剂可能会导致严重的健康威胁状况，包括不育、硬膜下血肿、肝肾功障碍、外周水肿、心脏肥大、心肌缺血、血栓形成以及心血管疾病。在本综述中，我们重点关注使用兴奋剂对精神病理障碍、认知和抑郁的影响。偶尔，我们也会提及长期使用治疗药物以提高身体机能的情况，并强调其潜在机制。我们得出结论，提高所有人对体育赛事中使用兴奋剂健康风险的认识，将促进各代人对健康生活方式的认识提高。
