Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Jun 30;198(1):7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.018. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
Personality is considered to be an important aspect of schizophrenia, primarily because it may influence patients' symptoms and social functioning. Specific personality traits are related to schizophrenia. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measures four traits of temperament - novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD) and persistence (PS) - and three traits of character - self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO) and self-transcendence (ST). We investigated associations between schizophrenia and personality traits using the TCI in a Japanese case-control sample (99 patients and 179 controls). Patients with schizophrenia scored higher on HA and ST and lower on NS, RD, SD and CO compared with controls in our case-control sample. We then performed a meta-analysis of samples from the published literature and our sample (384 patients and 656 controls). We found no evidence of heterogeneity among studies, except for NS in the overall population. Possible associations between personality traits (HA, RD, PS, SD, CO and ST) and schizophrenia were revealed. The effect sizes (Hedges' g) of the temperament traits were 0.98 for HA, -0.43 for RD and -0.23 for PS, and those of the character traits were -0.96 for SD, -0.47 for CO and 0.61 for ST. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a unique temperament and character profile compared with the general population.
人格被认为是精神分裂症的一个重要方面，主要是因为它可能影响患者的症状和社会功能。特定的人格特质与精神分裂症有关。气质和性格特征量表（TCI）测量了气质的四个特征——寻求新奇（NS）、回避伤害（HA）、奖励依赖（RD）和坚持（PS），以及性格的三个特征——自我指导（SD）、合作（CO）和自我超越（ST）。我们使用 TCI 在日本病例对照样本（99 名患者和 179 名对照）中研究了精神分裂症与人格特质之间的关系。与对照组相比，我们的病例对照样本中的精神分裂症患者在 HA 和 ST 上得分较高，而在 NS、RD、SD 和 CO 上得分较低。然后，我们对来自已发表文献和我们样本（384 名患者和 656 名对照）的样本进行了荟萃分析。我们发现，除了总体人群中的 NS 外，研究之间没有异质性的证据。人格特质（HA、RD、PS、SD、CO 和 ST）与精神分裂症之间可能存在关联。气质特征的效应大小（Hedges' g）为 HA 为 0.98，RD 为-0.43，PS 为-0.23，性格特征的效应大小为 SD 为-0.96，CO 为-0.47，ST 为 0.61。这些发现表明，与普通人群相比，精神分裂症患者具有独特的气质和性格特征。
