Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2012 Mar;17(1):43-58. doi: 10.1007/s10911-012-9247-3. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of noncoding RNAs. These noncoding transcripts are broadly categorized into short noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of greater than 200 nt. While the role of miRNAs in development and cancer biology has been extensively studied, much less is known about the vast majority of noncoding transcripts represented by lncRNAs. LncRNAs are emerging as key regulators of developmental processes and as such, their frequent misregulation in tumorigenesis and disease in not unexpected. The role of lncRNAs in mammary gland development and breast cancer is just beginning to be elucidated. This review will discuss the role of lncRNAs in mammalian and mammary gland development. In addition, we will review the contributions of lncRNAs to the stepwise progression of tumorigenesis, highlighting the role of lncRNAs in breast cancer.
哺乳动物基因组编码了数千种非编码 RNA。这些非编码转录本广泛分为短非编码 RNA,如 microRNAs(miRNAs)和大于 200nt 的长非编码 RNA(lncRNAs)。虽然 miRNA 在发育和癌症生物学中的作用已经得到了广泛研究,但大多数由 lncRNAs 代表的非编码转录本的作用知之甚少。lncRNAs 正在成为发育过程的关键调节剂,因此,它们在肿瘤发生和疾病中的频繁失调并不出人意料。lncRNAs 在乳腺发育和乳腺癌中的作用才刚刚开始被阐明。这篇综述将讨论 lncRNAs 在哺乳动物和乳腺发育中的作用。此外,我们将回顾 lncRNAs 对肿瘤发生的逐步进展的贡献,强调 lncRNAs 在乳腺癌中的作用。