Bernhardt Veronika, Rothkötter Hermann Josef, Kasten Erich
Sana Ohre-Klinikum, Haldensleben, Germany.
GMS Z Med Ausbild. 2012;29(1):Doc12. doi: 10.3205/zma000782. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Gross anatomy is one of the most important and time consuming subjects in the first preclinical part of medical school in Germany. In October 2007 186 students started the dissection course at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg. The objective of this study is to analyze the emotional aspect relating to the gross anatomy course. In order to address this issue, we investigated how medical students experience the first confrontation and the following exposure to the dead bodies and whether there are any differences between various groups (age, gender, experience) of students.
The study was carried out with a group of 155 first year medical students (112 female, 43 male, 21.4±2.9 years). Self-composed questionnaires were used to distinguish between concerns related to dissection and individual experiences and anxiety because of deceasing or death. In order to detect the changes of attitudes towards the dissection course, one questionnaire was answered by participants in the beginning of the course and one in the end (n=94, 66 female, 28 male). Additionally, personality traits of the students were analyzed using two scales of the "Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R)".
The self-composed questionnaires showed high reliability. For some students dissection was emotional stress; about 50% became anxious when coping the first confrontation, however, only 12% to large extent. Concerning the anxiety of dissection of individual body parts it was less for limbs, internal organs and skin and increased for head and genitals. Although hypothesized before, the correlation between age, extraversion, emotionality and the extent of anxiety were small. Almost 90% of the students approve the early beginning of the gross anatomy course. The follow-up study showed a marked decline of anxiety.
Our results show that about 50% of the students started the course with emotional stress and about one-tenth of them were very worried about the confrontation with corpses. Furthermore, personality tests were shown to be only partly reliable for selecting affected people in advance. With regard to these results capabilities to provide support to the first year medical students should be discussed.
大体解剖学是德国医学院校临床前第一阶段最重要且耗时的学科之一。2007年10月，186名学生在马格德堡奥托 - 冯 - 格里克大学开始了解剖课程。本研究的目的是分析与大体解剖课程相关的情感方面。为解决这一问题，我们调查了医学生首次面对及后续接触尸体的体验，以及不同学生群体（年龄、性别、经验）之间是否存在差异。
该研究针对155名一年级医学生（112名女性，43名男性，年龄21.4±2.9岁）开展。使用自行编制的问卷区分与解剖相关的担忧、个人经历以及因死亡或去世产生的焦虑。为检测对解剖课程态度的变化，参与者在课程开始时和结束时各回答一份问卷（n = 94，66名女性，28名男性）。此外，使用“弗莱堡人格问卷（FPI - R）”的两个量表分析学生的人格特质。
自行编制的问卷显示出高可靠性。对一些学生而言，解剖是一种情感压力；约50%的学生在首次面对时会感到焦虑，但只有12%的学生焦虑程度较高。关于对身体各部位解剖的焦虑，四肢、内脏和皮肤部位较低，头部和生殖器部位较高。尽管之前有过假设，但年龄、外向性、情绪性与焦虑程度之间的相关性较小。几乎90%的学生赞成尽早开始大体解剖课程。后续研究显示焦虑明显下降。
我们的结果表明，约50%的学生开始课程时存在情感压力，其中约十分之一的学生非常担心与尸体接触。此外，人格测试在提前筛选受影响人群方面仅部分可靠。鉴于这些结果，应讨论为一年级医学生提供支持的能力。
