Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012;63:131-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105522. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Iron is essential for the survival and proliferation of all plants. Higher plants have developed two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the reduction strategy of nongraminaceous plants and the chelation strategy of graminaceous plants. Key molecular components-including transporters, enzymes, and chelators-have been clarified for both strategies, and many of these components are now thought to also function inside the plant to facilitate internal iron transport. Transporters for intracellular iron trafficking are also being clarified. A majority of genes encoding these components are transcriptionally regulated in response to iron availability. Recent research has uncovered central transcription factors, cis-acting elements, and molecular mechanisms regulating these genes. Manipulation of these molecular components has produced transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency or with increased iron content in the edible parts.
铁是所有植物生存和繁殖所必需的。高等植物已经发展出两种截然不同的策略来从根际获取铁（铁的溶解度很低）：非禾本科植物的还原策略和禾本科植物的螯合策略。这两种策略的关键分子组成部分——包括转运蛋白、酶和螯合剂——已经被阐明，现在许多人认为这些成分也在植物体内发挥作用，以促进内部铁运输。细胞内铁运输的转运蛋白也正在被阐明。编码这些成分的大多数基因都可以根据铁的可用性进行转录调控。最近的研究揭示了调节这些基因的核心转录因子、顺式作用元件和分子机制。对这些分子成分的操纵已经产生了具有增强的缺铁耐受性或可食用部分铁含量增加的转基因作物。
