EA 3533, laboratoire des adaptations métaboliques à l'exercice en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont université, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière cedex, France.
Joint Bone Spine. 2013 Jan;80(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.01.006. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
This study investigated the short term changes in hip structural parameters in high level adolescent soccers and swimmers.
Twenty-six girl swimmers (15.9±2 years) and 32 girl soccer players (16.2±0.7 years) were investigated before and after 8 months of training. Fifteen non-active age-matched adolescents were enrolled at baseline to serve as a reference group. The geometric contributions to bone strength in the proximal femur were quantified using the hip structural analysis technique.
Eight months of training had increased the bone density in soccer players but not in swimmers. At the total hip, swimmers conserved their baseline low Z-score values while soccers remained above the normal. At the femoral shaft, the cross sectional area had increased for the two groups with a higher magnitude in soccers (3.17% vs 2.31%; P<0.05). The sub-periosteal width had increased in soccer players (P<0.01) but not in swimmers. The Z-score showed an improvement of cross sectional moment of inertia and section modulus at femoral shaft section for soccers (P<0.001), without any change in swimmers. Remarkably, swimmers had improved the Z-score of buckling ratio (P<0.005), while soccers did not.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: A season of training for sport characterized by impact had induced significant bone geometry improvement in late adolescent females despite expectations that this period of growth represents a plateau in bone maturation. This study adds to the existing literature describing intensive swimming practice as lacking an osteogenic effect when assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
本研究旨在探究高水平青少年足球运动员和游泳运动员髋关节结构参数的短期变化。
本研究纳入了 26 名女游泳运动员（15.9±2 岁）和 32 名女足球运动员（16.2±0.7 岁），并在 8 个月的训练前后对其进行了调查。同时，还招募了 15 名不活跃的年龄匹配的青少年作为参考组。使用髋关节结构分析技术来量化股骨近端对骨强度的几何贡献。
8 个月的训练增加了足球运动员的骨密度，但游泳运动员的骨密度没有增加。在全髋关节，游泳运动员保持了他们在基线时的低 Z 评分值，而足球运动员仍保持在正常值以上。在股骨骨干，两组的横截面积都有所增加，足球运动员的增加幅度更大（3.17%对 2.31%；P<0.05）。足球运动员的骨皮质下宽度增加（P<0.01），而游泳运动员则没有。足球运动员的股骨骨干截面的截面惯性矩和截面模数的 Z 评分显示出了改善（P<0.001），而游泳运动员则没有任何变化。值得注意的是，游泳运动员改善了股骨颈的抗屈曲比的 Z 评分（P<0.005），而足球运动员则没有。
讨论/结论：尽管生长期被认为是骨成熟的平台期，但一个赛季的运动冲击训练导致了青春期后期女性骨几何形状的显著改善。本研究增加了现有的文献描述，即双能 X 射线吸收法评估表明，密集的游泳训练缺乏成骨作用。
