Ubago-Guisado Esther, Mata Esmeralda, Sánchez-Sánchez Javier, Plaza-Carmona María, Martín-García María, Gallardo Leonor
IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.
GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.
J Sport Health Sci. 2017 Jun;6(2):213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different sports (swimming, football, basketball, and handball) on fat mass and lean mass in prepubertal and pubertal girls.
Two hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I-III) participated in the study and were divided into 5 groups: 40 swimmers, 40 football players, 40 basketball players, 40 handball players, and 40 controls. Fat and lean masses at whole body, arms, trunk, and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pubertal status was determined using Tanner test. Effects of different sports on fat and lean masses were assessed through analysis of covariance with height as covariates. Analyses were performed separately in 2 groups depending on the Tanner stage (prepubertal and pubertal).
The girls of the control group had less lean mass and more fat mass compared to the girls who play sports (<0.05). There were differences in body fat between sports. The swimmers and football players had less body fat (<0.05). On the other hand, handball players showed the highest values in lean mass (<0.05).
Impact sports (football, basketball, and handball) and low-impact sports (swimming) provide an appropriate development of lean mass in growing girls. We can conclude that people practicing sports at early ages ensure a lower fat mass and higher lean mass compared to those who do not practice. These results may be useful as a preventive method of adult obesity.
本研究旨在分析和比较不同运动（游泳、足球、篮球和手球）对青春期前和青春期女孩脂肪量和瘦体重的影响。
200名女孩（10.6±1.5岁，坦纳分期I-III期）参与了本研究，并被分为5组：40名游泳运动员、40名足球运动员、40名篮球运动员、40名手球运动员和40名对照组。使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量全身、手臂、躯干和腿部的脂肪和瘦体重。使用坦纳测试确定青春期状态。以身高作为协变量，通过协方差分析评估不同运动对脂肪和瘦体重的影响。根据坦纳分期（青春期前和青春期）在2组中分别进行分析。
与进行运动的女孩相比，对照组女孩的瘦体重较少，脂肪量较多（<0.05）。不同运动之间的体脂存在差异。游泳运动员和足球运动员的体脂较少（<0.05）。另一方面，手球运动员的瘦体重值最高（<0.05）。
冲击性运动（足球、篮球和手球）和低冲击性运动（游泳）有助于成长中女孩的瘦体重适度发育。我们可以得出结论，与不运动的人相比，早期进行运动的人脂肪量更低，瘦体重更高。这些结果可能作为预防成人肥胖的一种方法。
