Physical Education, University of North Parana (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil.
J Sports Sci. 2011 Feb;29(3):227-34. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.529456.
Bone turnover is affected by exercise throughout the lifespan, especially during childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different sports on total and regional bone mineral density in male Brazilian adolescent athletes. Forty-six adolescents aged 10-18 years participated in the study: 12 swimmers, 10 tennis players, 10 soccer players, and 14 sedentary individuals. The athletes had engaged in physical activities for more than 10 h per week in the previous 6 months. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), left proximal femur region, and whole body was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results showed higher mean values in the proximal femur region of tennis and soccer players (1.02 ± 0.18; 0.96 ± 0.16, respectively) than swimmers and controls (0.91 ± 0.14 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively) (P < 0.05). In relation to the impact of sporting activities based on bone age determination, we observed significant differences in bone mineral density at all evaluated sites at the end of puberty (16-18 years) compared with 10-12 years, with increases of 78% in the lumbar spine, 47% in the proximal femur, and 38% in the whole body.
骨骼代谢受运动影响贯穿一生，尤其在儿童和青少年时期。本研究旨在探究不同运动对巴西青春期男性运动员的全身和局部骨密度的影响。46 名年龄在 10-18 岁的青少年参与了该研究：12 名游泳运动员、10 名网球运动员、10 名足球运动员和 14 名久坐不动者。运动员在过去 6 个月中每周进行超过 10 小时的体育活动。通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估腰椎（L1-L4）、左侧股骨近端区域和全身的骨矿物质密度。结果显示，网球和足球运动员的股骨近端区域的平均骨密度值较高（1.02±0.18；0.96±0.16），高于游泳运动员和对照组（0.91±0.14 和 0.87±0.06）（P<0.05）。关于根据骨龄确定的运动活动的影响，我们在青春期结束时（16-18 岁）观察到所有评估部位的骨密度都有显著差异，与 10-12 岁相比，腰椎增加了 78%，股骨近端增加了 47%，全身增加了 38%。
