Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Neurol India. 2012 Jan-Feb;60(1):68-74. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.93601.
Sleep-related disorders (SRDs) though frequent, are under-reported and their implications are often neglected.
To estimate SRDs in an apparently healthy South Indian population.
Data was collected by administering a questionnaire including Sleep Disorders Proforma, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to 1050 apparently healthy attendants/relatives of patients attending a tertiary healthcare institution.
The mean age of the respondents was 35.1±8.7 years with even gender distribution (male: female; 29:21), work hours were 7.8±1.33 h and had regional representation from the southern Indian states. The majority of the respondents did not report any significant medical/psychiatric co-morbidities, hypertension was noted in 42.6%, in one-fourth, the body mass index (BMI) was >25, and in 7.7% the neck size was >40 cm. Daily tea (70.3%) and coffee (17.9%) consumption was common and 22.2% used tobacco. Average time-to-fall-asleep was 22 min (range: 5-90 min), average duration-of-actual-sleep was 7 h (range: 3.5-9.1 h) with the majority (93.8%) reporting good-quality sleep (global PSQI ≤5). The reported rates of SRDs varied between 20.0% and 34.2% depending on the instrument used in the questionnaire. Insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) were reported by 18.6%, 18.4%, 1.04% and 2.9%, respectively. Obesity was not strongly associated with SRBD. in 51.8% of subjects with SRBD BMI was <25 kg/m 2 . Of the respondents with insomnia, 18% had difficulty in initiating sleep, 18% in maintaining sleep and 7.9% had early morning awakening. Respondents attributed insomnia to depression (11.7%) or anxiety (2.5%). Insomnia was marginally high in females when compared to males (10.3% vs. 8.3%) and depression was the major reason. RLS, which was maximal at night, was responsible for delayed sleep onset (74.2%). Other SRDs included night terrors (0.6%), nightmares (1.5%), somnambulism (0.6%), and sleep-talking (2.6%). Family history of SRDs was present in 31.4% respondents. While, only 2.2% of the respondents self-reported and acknowledged having SRD, health-seeking was extremely low (0.3%).
SRDs are widely prevalent in India. Considering the health implications and poor awareness, there is a need to sensitize physicians and increase awareness among the public.
尽管睡眠相关障碍（SRDs）很常见，但报告率较低，其影响往往被忽视。
评估在印度南部一个明显健康的人群中的睡眠相关障碍。
通过向 1050 名在三级医疗机构就诊的患者的家属或陪护人员发放包括睡眠障碍表、嗜睡量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）的问卷来收集数据。
受访者的平均年龄为 35.1±8.7 岁，性别分布均匀（男性：女性；29:21），工作时间为 7.8±1.33 小时，代表了来自印度南部各州的人群。大多数受访者没有报告任何重大的医学/精神共病、高血压占 42.6%，四分之一的人 BMI 大于 25，7.7%的人颈围大于 40cm。常见的日常饮品有茶（70.3%）和咖啡（17.9%），22.2%的人吸烟。平均入睡时间为 22 分钟（范围：5-90 分钟），实际睡眠时间为 7 小时（范围：3.5-9.1 小时），大多数人（93.8%）报告睡眠质量良好（全球 PSQI≤5）。根据问卷中使用的不同工具，报告的睡眠相关障碍率在 20.0%到 34.2%之间变化。失眠、睡眠相关呼吸障碍（SRBD）、发作性睡病和不宁腿综合征（RLS）的报告率分别为 18.6%、18.4%、1.04%和 2.9%。肥胖与 SRBD 无明显相关性。在 51.8%的有 SRBD 的患者中，BMI 小于 25kg/m2。在有失眠的受访者中，18%的人入睡困难，18%的人睡眠维持困难，7.9%的人清晨早醒。受访者将失眠归因于抑郁（11.7%）或焦虑（2.5%）。与男性相比，女性的失眠率略高（10.3%比 8.3%），主要原因是抑郁。RLS 主要发生在夜间，导致入睡延迟（74.2%）。其他睡眠相关障碍包括夜惊（0.6%）、噩梦（1.5%）、梦游（0.6%）和说梦话（2.6%）。31.4%的受访者有睡眠相关障碍家族史。尽管只有 2.2%的受访者自述并承认有睡眠相关障碍，但寻求医疗帮助的比例极低（0.3%）。
在印度，睡眠相关障碍很普遍。考虑到其对健康的影响和公众意识的不足，有必要提高医生的意识，并增强公众的意识。
