Aneja Jitender, Singh Jawahar, Udey Bharat
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2024 Jan;66(1):58-66. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_223_23. Epub 2024 Jan 25.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neuro-sensorimotor disorder which is scarcely researched and is commonly missed in routine psychiatry practice.
To evaluate the prevalence of RLS and its correlates in patients with anxiety, depression, and somatoform disorders.
A cross-sectional single-center study was undertaken in patients aged 18-65 years suffering from ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 edition) diagnosis of anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders. RLS was evaluated by using diagnostic criteria of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) and severity measured on IRLSSG scale. Depression and anxiety were rated on Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales respectively, insomnia severity measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and quality of life measured by WHO Quality of Life-Brief version (WHO-QOL BREF) scale. Serum ferritin levels were measured for evaluating iron deficiency.
The rate of RLS was 66.7%, 50%, and 48% in patients with depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, respectively, with no significant inter-group difference. Nearly one-third of patients suffered from severe to very severe symptoms of RLS, and quality of life was poorest in those with depressive disorders. RLS was significantly higher in females ( = 0.019), who were married ( = 0.040), diagnosed with severe depression ( = 0.029), and abused benzodiazepines ( = 0.045). On binary logistic regression, female gender and presence of clinical insomnia predicted occurrence of RLS.
The prevalence of RLS is very high in patients with common psychiatric disorders which is often missed. Clinical enquiry and examination for reversible causes such as iron deficiency may assist in its diagnosis and improve clinical outcome.
不宁腿综合征(RLS)是一种神经感觉运动障碍,研究较少,在常规精神病学实践中常被漏诊。
评估不宁腿综合征在焦虑症、抑郁症和躯体形式障碍患者中的患病率及其相关因素。
对年龄在18 - 65岁、患有国际疾病分类第10版(ICD - 10)诊断的焦虑症、抑郁症和躯体形式障碍的患者进行单中心横断面研究。采用国际不宁腿综合征研究组(IRLSSG)的诊断标准评估不宁腿综合征,并根据IRLSSG量表测量严重程度。分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表和焦虑量表评定抑郁和焦虑程度,用失眠严重程度指数(ISI)测量失眠严重程度,用世界卫生组织生活质量简表(WHO - QOL BREF)量表测量生活质量。检测血清铁蛋白水平以评估缺铁情况。
抑郁症、焦虑症和躯体形式障碍患者中不宁腿综合征的发生率分别为66.7%、50%和48%,组间差异无统计学意义。近三分之一的患者患有严重至极严重的不宁腿综合征症状,抑郁症患者的生活质量最差。女性(P = 0.019)、已婚者(P = 0.040)、诊断为重度抑郁症者(P = 0.029)以及滥用苯二氮䓬类药物者(P = 0.045)的不宁腿综合征发生率显著更高。二元逻辑回归分析显示,女性性别和临床失眠的存在可预测不宁腿综合征的发生。
常见精神障碍患者中不宁腿综合征的患病率很高,常被漏诊。对缺铁等可逆性病因进行临床询问和检查可能有助于其诊断并改善临床结局。