[西班牙昆卡市青少年睡眠障碍的患病率]

[The prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents in Cuenca, Spain].

作者信息

García-Jiménez M A, Salcedo-Aguilar F, Rodríguez-Almonacid F M, Redondo-Martínez M P, Monterde-Aznar M L, Marcos-Navarro A I, Torrijos-Martínez M P

机构信息

Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain.

出版信息

Rev Neurol. 2004;39(1):18-24.

PMID:15257522

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

A number of different studies have shown that there is a high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents. These are often cited as being due to psychological, hormonal or pubertal factors, as well as inadequate sleep habits.

AIMS

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in the adolescent population and to describe their sleep habits and the relationship between sleep disorders and daytime tiredness or drowsiness.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

We conducted an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional study in a sample of schoolchildren studying the 1st and 4th years of compulsory secondary education by means of a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Insomnia was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria.

RESULTS

Of a total number of 1155 children, 537 were males and 618 were females, with a mean age of 14.03 +/- 1.86 years. They sleep an average of 8 h 18 m during the week and 9 h 40 m at the weekend. Poor quality sleep was reported by 38.55%, 23.1% had difficulty in getting to sleep, 38.2% woke up during the night and 15.9% woke up too early. 17.7% reported some kind of sleep complaint plus some other insomnia-related symptom; the prevalence of insomnia was found to be 9.9%. Snoring (20.5%), talking in their sleep (45.4%) and nightmares (29.5%) were the most frequent parasomnias. 53% of them complained of excessive sleepiness during the day. Insomnia is more frequent in older adolescents, with a family history of similar disorders, among those who smoke and drink and sleep fewer hours at the weekend; those with insomnia present more symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as more daytime drowsiness.

CONCLUSIONS

A number of factors are related to the high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents, giving rise to their being very tired and drowsy during the day. The interruption of their normal sleep habits at the weekend and an insufficient number of hours' sleep are related to the appearance of insomnia.

摘要

引言

多项不同研究表明，青少年睡眠障碍的患病率很高。这些通常被认为是由心理、激素或青春期因素以及不良睡眠习惯所致。

目的

本研究的目的是确定青少年人群中睡眠障碍的患病率，并描述他们的睡眠习惯以及睡眠障碍与日间疲劳或嗜睡之间的关系。

对象与方法

我们通过一份自行填写的匿名问卷，对义务教育初中一、四年级的在校学生样本进行了一项流行病学观察性横断面研究。使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准诊断失眠。

结果

在总共1155名儿童中，男性537名，女性618名，平均年龄为14.03±1.86岁。他们在工作日平均睡眠8小时18分钟，周末平均睡眠9小时40分钟。38.55%的人报告睡眠质量差，23.1%的人入睡困难，38.2%的人夜间醒来，15.9%的人醒得过早。17.7%的人报告有某种睡眠问题以及一些其他与失眠相关的症状；失眠患病率为9.9%。打鼾（20.5%）、说梦话（45.4%）和噩梦（29.5%）是最常见的异态睡眠。其中53%的人抱怨白天过度嗜睡。失眠在年龄较大的青少年、有类似疾病家族史的人、吸烟饮酒者以及周末睡眠时间较少的人群中更为常见；失眠者表现出更多焦虑和抑郁症状，以及更多的日间嗜睡。