Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2012 Aug;205(4):520-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02430.x. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
To determine whether the larger exercise stroke volume in senior endurance-trained athletes results from an attenuation of age-related alterations in left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling or a more vigorous late filling.
Body composition (DEXA), VO(2)peak, stroke volume (CO(2) rebreathing) and Doppler measures of early and late mitral inflow and mitral annular velocities were collected at seated upright rest and heart rate-matched exercise (100 and 120 bpm) in trained and untrained younger (18-30 years) men and trained and untrained older (60-80 years) healthy men.
Ageing had a greater effect than training status on seated rest mitral inflow and tissue Doppler imaging parameters, as shown by a lower peak early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratio (E/A ratio) and slower peak early mitral annular velocity (Em) in older compared with younger men. Exercise stroke volume was unaffected by healthy ageing; however, Em, an index of early LV lengthening rate and relaxation, was slower (P < 0.001), while measures of atrial systole were increased (P < 0.001) during exercise in older men. Stroke volume during exercise was larger in the trained men (P < 0.001); however, early and late mitral inflow and tissue velocities were not different between trained and untrained men.
The larger exercise stroke volume in trained older male athletes does not seem to be related to faster filling or lengthening velocities during early or late filling. Thus, a larger, more compliant left ventricle in combination with an increased blood volume may explain the larger LV filling volumes in trained seniors.
确定老年耐力训练运动员的较大运动心排量是否源于左心室（LV）早期舒张充盈相关改变的衰减，还是源于后期充盈更为有力。
在坐姿直立休息和心率匹配的运动（100 和 120 次/分）时，收集身体成分（DEXA）、峰值摄氧量（CO2 重呼吸）和二尖瓣早期和晚期流入及二尖瓣环速度的多普勒测量值，这些研究对象为有训练和无训练的年轻（18-30 岁）男性以及有训练和无训练的老年（60-80 岁）健康男性。
与年轻男性相比，衰老对坐姿休息二尖瓣流入和组织多普勒成像参数的影响大于训练状态，表现为峰值早期至晚期二尖瓣流入速度比（E/A 比）更低和峰值早期二尖瓣环速度（Em）更慢。健康衰老对运动心排量没有影响；然而，Em 是左室早期伸长率和舒张的指标，其在老年男性运动时更慢（P < 0.001），而心房收缩期的测量值增加（P < 0.001）。运动时心排量在训练男性中更大（P < 0.001）；然而，训练和未训练男性之间早期和晚期二尖瓣流入及组织速度没有差异。
训练有素的老年男性运动员运动时更大的心排量似乎与早期或后期充盈时更快的充盈或伸长速度无关。因此，更大、更顺应性的左心室加上增加的血容量可能解释了训练有素的老年人更大的 LV 充盈量。
