Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012 Apr;20(2):68-75. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2012.661115.
Retinal infection with Toxoplasma gondii is the most important cause of posterior uveitis, whereby prevalence and incidence of ocular symptoms after infection depend on socio-economic factors and the circulating parasite genotypes. Ocular toxoplasmosis is more common in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean and parts of tropical Africa as compared to Europe and Northern America, and is quite rare in China. Ocular disease in South America is more severe than in other continents due to the presence of extremely virulent genotypes of the parasite. Drinking untreated water is considered the major source of Toxoplasma infection in developing countries, whereas in the Western world the consumption of raw or undercooked meat (products) is the most important cause. Since acquired infection with T. gondii is currently a more important cause of ocular toxoplasmosis compared to congenital infection, prevention should be directed not only toward pregnant women but toward the general population.
弓形体视网膜感染是引起后葡萄膜炎最重要的原因，感染后眼部症状的患病率和发生率取决于社会经济因素和循环寄生虫基因型。与欧洲和北美相比，弓形体病在南美洲、中美洲和加勒比地区以及非洲部分热带地区更为常见，而在中国则相当罕见。由于存在极为毒力的寄生虫基因型，南美洲的眼部疾病比其他大陆更为严重。在发展中国家，饮用未经处理的水被认为是感染弓形体的主要来源，而在西方世界，食用生的或未煮熟的肉类（制品）是最重要的原因。由于与先天性感染相比，后天获得性感染 T. gondii 目前是眼部弓形体病的一个更为重要的原因，因此预防措施不仅应针对孕妇，而且应针对普通人群。
