Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;171(8):1193-202. doi: 10.1007/s00431-012-1704-x. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
Mortality of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes is increased 2- to 20-fold compared to non-diabetic individuals. In young adults with type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular events are more often the cause of premature death than nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and extent of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Austria. In a cross sectional study data of children with type 1 diabetes <18 years of age treated at the Children's department of the University Hospitals of Vienna and Graz were collected. We recorded body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol according to age, sex, age at manifestation, diabetes duration, and insulin requirement. From 264 patients (49.4% male) complete data were available. Of all patients, 76.1% had one or more risk factors, 20.8% had two or more, 10.2% had three or more, and 4.9% had four or more risk factors. Insufficient glycemic control was the most frequent risk factor, present in 60.6% of our patients, followed by elevated triglycerides (22.7%) and increased body mass index (20.1%). Higher prevalence of risk factors was correlated with increasing age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, and insulin requirement. In conclusion, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have a much higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-diabetic individuals. To prevent future cardiovascular events, achieving the best possible glycemic control, early detection of further risk factors, and adequate intervention are highly important.
与非糖尿病个体相比，1 型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病死亡率增加了 2 至 20 倍。在 1 型糖尿病的年轻成年人中，心血管事件比肾病更常导致过早死亡。本研究旨在评估奥地利 1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年心血管危险因素的流行程度和范围。在一项横断面研究中，收集了维也纳和格拉茨大学医院儿科治疗的<18 岁 1 型糖尿病儿童的数据。我们根据年龄、性别、发病年龄、糖尿病病程和胰岛素需求，记录了体重指数、腰围、血压、HbA1c、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。在 264 名患者（49.4%为男性）中，有完整的数据。所有患者中，76.1%有一个或多个危险因素，20.8%有两个或多个危险因素，10.2%有三个或更多危险因素，4.9%有四个或更多危险因素。血糖控制不足是最常见的危险因素，60.6%的患者存在该问题，其次是甘油三酯升高（22.7%）和体重指数增加（20.1%）。危险因素的患病率较高与年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c 和胰岛素需求的增加有关。总之，1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年的心血管危险因素患病率明显高于非糖尿病个体。为了预防未来的心血管事件，实现尽可能好的血糖控制、早期发现其他危险因素以及适当的干预措施非常重要。
