St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012 Jun;10(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11914-012-0096-1.
Intercellular communication within the bone microenvironment is critical for the maintenance of normal bone structure. Osteoblast-lineage cells at all stages of differentiation, from pluripotent precursors to matrix-embedded osteocytes, produce regulatory factors that modulate the differentiation and activity of both bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts can also release factors that feed back to regulate osteoblast activity. Intercellular cross-talk within the bone microenvironment is not restricted only to these bone cells. Other cells within the bone marrow microenvironment, including adipocytes, T cells, and macrophages, play key roles that influence the processes of bone formation and resorption. This review discusses recent work that provides new insights into some of these communication networks and the factors involved, including osteocytic production of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin, osteoblastic production of interleukin-33, osteoclast-derived Semaphorin 4D, ephrin signaling, and signals from T helper cells and resident osteal macrophages (osteomacs).
细胞间通讯在骨微环境中对于维持正常的骨结构至关重要。成骨细胞系细胞在分化的各个阶段，从多能前体细胞到基质嵌入的骨细胞，都产生调节因子，调节成骨细胞和成骨细胞的分化和活性。破骨细胞也可以释放反馈因子来调节成骨细胞的活性。骨微环境中的细胞间交叉对话不仅限于这些骨细胞。骨髓微环境中的其他细胞，包括脂肪细胞、T 细胞和巨噬细胞，发挥着关键作用，影响着骨形成和吸收的过程。这篇综述讨论了最近的工作，这些工作为这些通讯网络和所涉及的因素提供了新的见解，包括核因子-κB 配体（RANKL）和硬骨素的骨细胞产生、白细胞介素-33 的成骨细胞产生、破骨细胞衍生的 Sema4D、ephrin 信号以及辅助性 T 细胞和驻留骨巨噬细胞（osteomacs）的信号。
