Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology; School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Feb;16(2):270-5.
Mitochondria play a key role in the production of the cell energy. The final product of this process is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. Besides this major role, mithocondria have been shown to be involved in other functions, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationships between psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer's dementia.
The review of the available literature indicate that different mitochondrial dysfunctions may accompany and/or be part of the clinical picture of some neuropsychiatric disorders.
Different data would indicate that mitochondrial dysfunctions may be involved in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, given their key role in the cell energy metabolism. Moreover, they would greatly contribute to the process of neural apoptosis that should be at the basis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia and the most severe forms of BD. In addition, data are available that mithocondrial abnormalities are present also in developmental disorders, such as autism and ADHD, although the studies aiming at elucidating the role of mithocondria in the onset and pathophysiology of all these conditions should be considered preliminary. In any case, taken together, these scattered findings would suggest novel drugs targeting protecting mitochondria from oxidative stress.
线粒体在细胞能量产生中起着关键作用。这个过程的最终产物是三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)，它被用作化学能量的来源。除了这个主要作用外，线粒体还被证明参与了其他功能，如信号转导、细胞分化、细胞死亡，以及细胞周期和细胞生长的控制。本文的目的是强调精神疾病之间的关系，特别是精神分裂症、双相情感障碍 (BD)、自闭症、注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和阿尔茨海默病痴呆。
对现有文献的回顾表明，不同的线粒体功能障碍可能伴随着和/或成为一些神经精神疾病临床特征的一部分。
不同的数据表明，线粒体功能障碍可能与不同的神经精神疾病的病理生理学有关，因为它们在细胞能量代谢中起着关键作用。此外，它们将极大地促进神经细胞凋亡过程，这应该是精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病痴呆和最严重形式的 BD 等神经退行性疾病的基础。此外，还有数据表明，线粒体异常也存在于自闭症和 ADHD 等发育障碍中，尽管旨在阐明线粒体在所有这些疾病的发病机制和病理生理学中的作用的研究应被视为初步研究。无论如何，这些分散的发现加在一起，表明了有针对性地保护线粒体免受氧化应激的新型药物的出现。
