Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
BMC Pediatr. 2012 Mar 20;12:32. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-32.
Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters.
A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature.
Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes.
病毒性呼吸道感染（RTI）在东南亚热带国家相对研究较少。在温带国家，已报道呼吸道病毒具有季节性活动，特别是与温度有关，而在热带国家，呼吸道病毒的活动与湿度和降雨的相关性不一致。本研究回顾性分析了 1982-2008 年期间在马来西亚吉隆坡一家三级医院因 RTI 住院的儿童（≤5 岁）的病毒病因。
本研究纳入了医院诊断病毒学实验室 1982-2008 年间所有≤5 岁儿童的 10269 份呼吸道样本。进行免疫荧光染色（用于检测呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型和乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒 1-3 型和腺病毒）和病毒分离。确定每年的住院率和经实验室确诊的病毒性 RTI 的年度模式。采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）分析病例的人口统计学参数。采用多元回归和斯皮尔曼等级相关分析 RSV 病例与气象参数之间的相关性。
采用免疫荧光分析和病毒培养共确诊了 2708 例病例，最常见的病原体是 RSV（1913 例，70.6%）、副流感病毒（357 例，13.2%）、流感病毒（297 例，11.0%）和腺病毒（141 例，5.2%）。感染 RSV 的儿童明显年龄更小，感染流感病毒的儿童明显年龄更大。四种主要病毒全年均可引起疾病，RSV 的季节性高峰出现在 9 月至 12 月。每月 RSV 病例与降雨天数直接相关，与相对湿度和温度呈负相关。
在马来西亚吉隆坡，住院儿童的呼吸道样本中常可检测到病毒性 RTI，尤其是 RSV。与温带国家一样，热带马来西亚的 RSV 感染也会导致季节性年度流行，这对预防和疫苗接种计划有影响。
