Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2012 Jul;45(5):182-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1301285. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of benzodiazepines, antidementia and antipsychotic drug prescriptions in nursing home residents (NHR).Data of a German health insurance company were retrospectively analyzed for the year 2008.
The study cohort comprised 13,042 NHR (82% women, mean age 83.6 ± 7 years). Following analgetics, antipsychotic drugs were the second most frequently prescribed drug group with 13.3% of all prescriptions. Dementia was diagnosed in 8 017 (61.5%) NHR. Thereof 51.6% received an antipsychotic, 17.3% a benzodiazepine and 15.2% an antidementia pharmaceutical, respectively. 18.1% of NHR with dementia and antipsychotic drug prescriptions were in combined treatment with antidementia pharmaceuticals. The rate of antipsychotic drug prescribing was significantly doubled in NHR with dementia compared to those without this diagnosis (p<0.01); the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics were melperone, risperidone and pipamperone.
This study demonstrates the wide-spread use of psychotropic drugs in NHR. Moreover, dementia in NHR was associated with antipsychotic drug prescribing in every second patient. This highlights the need for further studies analyzing alternative treatments for dementia-related symptoms.
本研究旨在调查疗养院居民（NHR）中苯二氮䓬类药物、抗痴呆和抗精神病药物的处方频率。对一家德国健康保险公司 2008 年的数据进行了回顾性分析。
研究队列包括 13042 名 NHR（82%为女性，平均年龄 83.6±7 岁）。在使用止痛药后，抗精神病药物是第二大常用药物组，占所有处方的 13.3%。在 13042 名 NHR 中诊断出 8017 例（61.5%）痴呆症。其中 51.6%的患者接受了抗精神病药物治疗，17.3%的患者接受了苯二氮䓬类药物治疗，15.2%的患者接受了抗痴呆药物治疗。18.1%的痴呆症合并抗精神病药物治疗的 NHR 使用了抗痴呆药物。与没有痴呆诊断的 NHR 相比，痴呆症 NHR 的抗精神病药物处方率显著增加了一倍（p<0.01）；最常开的抗精神病药物是甲哌氯丙嗪、利培酮和哌泊噻嗪。
本研究表明，精神药物在 NHR 中的广泛使用。此外，痴呆症与 NHR 中每二分之一患者的抗精神病药物处方相关。这突出表明需要进一步研究分析替代治疗痴呆相关症状的方法。
