National Institute of Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;63(1):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.03.005. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
The Dutch Minister of Health requested the Coordination point Assessment and Monitoring new drugs (CAM) to re-assess the overall risk of GHB. The present paper is a extended redraft of a state of art report used in the risk evaluation procedure. The prevalence of GHB use is low, but the relative proportion of GHB intoxications compared to other illicit drugs is high resulting in a substantial number of GHB related incidents. In recent years the number of GHB intoxications has increased because many inexperienced users seemed unaware of the potential adverse effects, like 'passing out' upon overdosing, a condition where the user is unconsciousness (or comatose) for several hours. The dependence potential of frequent GHB use is now judged by the CAM to be rather high, but users appear not well informed about this risk. In the Netherlands, last month prevalence of GHB use is relatively low (0.2%) and treatment demand is limited (524 of a total of 76,295 referrals to the addiction treatment services in 2010). So far, no public nuisance or criminality associated with GHB use has been reported. The CAM estimated the overall risk potential of GHB use as moderate to high. The Dutch Minister of Health endorsed this conclusion and decided to upgrade GHB to Schedule I (hard drugs) of the Dutch Opium Act.
荷兰卫生部长要求毒品评估和监测协调中心（CAM）重新评估 GHB 的总体风险。本文是在风险评估程序中使用的一份最新报告的扩展重写。GHB 的使用流行率较低，但与其他非法药物相比，GHB 中毒的相对比例较高，导致大量与 GHB 相关的事件。近年来，由于许多没有经验的使用者似乎没有意识到潜在的不良反应，如过量服用时“昏倒”，使用者会失去意识（或昏迷）数小时，因此 GHB 中毒的数量有所增加。CAM 现在认为，频繁使用 GHB 的依赖潜力相当高，但使用者对此风险似乎了解不多。在荷兰，上个月 GHB 的使用流行率相对较低（0.2%），治疗需求有限（2010 年，在向成瘾治疗服务机构的总共 76295 例转介中，只有 524 例）。到目前为止，尚未报告与 GHB 使用相关的公共危害或犯罪行为。CAM 评估 GHB 使用的总体风险潜力为中等到高。荷兰卫生部长认可这一结论，并决定将 GHB 升级为荷兰《鸦片法》附表 I（硬性毒品）。
