Uncertainty Decision-making Laboratory, Sichuan University Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Apr;66(3):210-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02331.x.
The powerful earthquake of 12 May 2008 wrought incalculable havoc on lives and properties in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China. The catastrophic earthquake not only created tremendous changes in the external environment, but also caused stress and difficulties for the people in the affected areas which were felt long after the event. In this study, we attempt to clarify the correlation between coping strategies and psychological well-being among survivors across sex and levels of exposure.
A total of 2080 survivors from 19 counties freely participated in the survey which used self-report psychological questionnaires, the Short Form-12, version 2 Scale and Coping Scales. We estimated regression models to identify the coping factors associated with the presence of mental symptoms after the disaster.
Four main factors (middle-age, low educational level, low monthly income, and high exposure) were significantly related to poor health. Highly exposed survivors tended to problem-avoidance, fantasy, self-blame and seeking assistance, which was significantly different to those lowly exposed. Women tended to be more vulnerable than men and exhibited problem-avoidance and self-blame. Six coping styles were significant determinants and predicted 64.2% of health.
Post-disaster mental health recovery intervention, including early identification, ongoing monitoring, sustained psychosocial support and more mental health services, are required for the high-risk population, especially for women.
2008 年 5 月 12 日的强烈地震给中国四川省汶川县的生命和财产造成了难以估量的破坏。这场灾难性的地震不仅给外部环境带来了巨大的变化，也给受灾地区的人们带来了压力和困难，这些影响在事件发生很久后仍然存在。在这项研究中，我们试图阐明应对策略与幸存者在性别和暴露水平上的心理健康之间的相关性。
共有来自 19 个县的 2080 名幸存者自由参与了这项调查，使用了自我报告的心理问卷、简短形式 12 项，第 2 版量表和应对量表。我们估计了回归模型，以确定与灾难后出现精神症状相关的应对因素。
四个主要因素（中年、低教育水平、低月收入和高暴露）与健康状况不佳显著相关。高暴露的幸存者往往采取回避问题、幻想、自责和寻求帮助的方式，这与低暴露的幸存者明显不同。女性比男性更容易受到影响，表现出回避问题和自责。六种应对方式是显著的决定因素，预测了 64.2%的健康状况。
需要对高危人群，特别是妇女，进行灾后心理健康恢复干预，包括早期识别、持续监测、持续的社会心理支持和更多的心理健康服务。
